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Questions and Answers
What was a primary reason for the agrarian revolts in the Philippines during Spanish colonial rule?
What was a primary reason for the agrarian revolts in the Philippines during Spanish colonial rule?
How did the hacienda system emerge in the Philippines?
How did the hacienda system emerge in the Philippines?
What did the 1860s law enacted by Spain require landholders to do?
What did the 1860s law enacted by Spain require landholders to do?
What was a significant outcome of the Philippine Revolution regarding land ownership?
What was a significant outcome of the Philippine Revolution regarding land ownership?
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What action did the Americans take to address landlessness in the Philippines?
What action did the Americans take to address landlessness in the Philippines?
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Under the Philippines Bill of 1902, how much land could private individuals own?
Under the Philippines Bill of 1902, how much land could private individuals own?
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Why did the hacienda system become a source of hatred for Filipinos?
Why did the hacienda system become a source of hatred for Filipinos?
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What major transformation in land ownership occurred with the entrance of the Americans?
What major transformation in land ownership occurred with the entrance of the Americans?
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What significant change did Executive Order No. 355 implement in 1950?
What significant change did Executive Order No. 355 implement in 1950?
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Which law enacted by Ramon Magsaysay specifically aimed at resettling rebel returnees?
Which law enacted by Ramon Magsaysay specifically aimed at resettling rebel returnees?
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What did Republic Act No. 1199, enacted in 1954, primarily focus on?
What did Republic Act No. 1199, enacted in 1954, primarily focus on?
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What was the purpose of the Land Reform Act of 1955?
What was the purpose of the Land Reform Act of 1955?
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Which president continued the agricultural policies of Ramon Magsaysay without passing new legislation?
Which president continued the agricultural policies of Ramon Magsaysay without passing new legislation?
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What was a key feature of the Agricultural Land Reform Code enacted in 1963?
What was a key feature of the Agricultural Land Reform Code enacted in 1963?
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What significant event did Proclamation No. 1081 initiate in 1972?
What significant event did Proclamation No. 1081 initiate in 1972?
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Republic Act No. 821 provided financial support to which group?
Republic Act No. 821 provided financial support to which group?
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What was the main goal of Republic Act No. 6657?
What was the main goal of Republic Act No. 6657?
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Which executive order granted the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility for land valuation?
Which executive order granted the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility for land valuation?
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Which law exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP?
Which law exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP?
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What was the vision promoted by President Fidel V. Ramos for the Agrarian Reform Program?
What was the vision promoted by President Fidel V. Ramos for the Agrarian Reform Program?
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Which Executive Order limited the type of lands that may be converted?
Which Executive Order limited the type of lands that may be converted?
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What additional funding was provided by the Agrarian Reform Fund Bill?
What additional funding was provided by the Agrarian Reform Fund Bill?
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Which President's administration was associated with the slogan 'ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP'?
Which President's administration was associated with the slogan 'ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP'?
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Which law sought to strengthen the implementation of CARP?
Which law sought to strengthen the implementation of CARP?
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What must happen to existing agreements between the former landowner and the workers' cooperative or association when a new agreement has not yet been established?
What must happen to existing agreements between the former landowner and the workers' cooperative or association when a new agreement has not yet been established?
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What types of lots are individual members of cooperatives entitled to according to the content?
What types of lots are individual members of cooperatives entitled to according to the content?
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Under what condition can corporate landowners transfer ownership of agricultural land?
Under what condition can corporate landowners transfer ownership of agricultural land?
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What must occur for qualified beneficiaries to receive the right to purchase capital stock in a corporation that owns agricultural land?
What must occur for qualified beneficiaries to receive the right to purchase capital stock in a corporation that owns agricultural land?
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What principle regarding compensation must be observed at the time shares of stocks are distributed to workers?
What principle regarding compensation must be observed at the time shares of stocks are distributed to workers?
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What is required for beneficiaries to ensure they receive dividends and other financial benefits from a corporation or association?
What is required for beneficiaries to ensure they receive dividends and other financial benefits from a corporation or association?
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What assurance is provided to beneficiaries regarding representation in the corporation's governance?
What assurance is provided to beneficiaries regarding representation in the corporation's governance?
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What happens if a beneficiary attempts to transfer shares of stocks to someone not qualified?
What happens if a beneficiary attempts to transfer shares of stocks to someone not qualified?
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What occurs if the stock distribution plan is not approved within two years of the Act's approval?
What occurs if the stock distribution plan is not approved within two years of the Act's approval?
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What characteristics must shares acquired by workers and beneficiaries have?
What characteristics must shares acquired by workers and beneficiaries have?
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What is the primary condition under which lands acquired by beneficiaries can be sold or transferred within the first ten years?
What is the primary condition under which lands acquired by beneficiaries can be sold or transferred within the first ten years?
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Who has the right to repurchase the land from the government or LBP after a transfer?
Who has the right to repurchase the land from the government or LBP after a transfer?
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What must happen if the land has not been fully paid by the beneficiary?
What must happen if the land has not been fully paid by the beneficiary?
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What entity is responsible for notifying about the availability of land after it is transferred to the LBP?
What entity is responsible for notifying about the availability of land after it is transferred to the LBP?
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What happens to the standing crops on the land at the time of acquisition?
What happens to the standing crops on the land at the time of acquisition?
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In the case of corporate farms, what is the general rule for land distribution?
In the case of corporate farms, what is the general rule for land distribution?
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What must occur if it is not economically feasible to divide land owned by corporations?
What must occur if it is not economically feasible to divide land owned by corporations?
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What compensation does a beneficiary receive when their land is transferred to the LBP?
What compensation does a beneficiary receive when their land is transferred to the LBP?
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Study Notes
Agrarian Reform Policies in the Philippines
- Agrarian reform rectifies the agricultural system, crucial to the Philippine economy as nearly half the population works in agriculture.
- It focuses on the relationship between land production and distribution among farmers, as well as the broader political and economic class structure related to farming.
- The goal is to improve the agricultural sector's economic conditions and uplift Filipino farmers.
Landownership under Spanish Rule
- Spanish colonization introduced the pueblo agriculture system, organizing rural communities to cultivate land.
- Filipino families did not own the land, Spanish royalty did.
- The Law of the Indies assigned land to religious orders, military, and encomenderos.
- Encomienda system involved Filipino farmers working land for encomenderos, who collected tributes and profited.
- This system was exploitative and unfair, with Filipinos forced to sell products at low prices or provide services unrelated to farming.
- The hacienda system emerged in the 19th century, linking the Filipino economy to the world market as an exporter of raw materials and importer of goods.
Landownership under American Rule
- Americans recognized landlessness as a major source of unrest and sought land policies for Filipino tenant farmers.
- Policies included the Philippines Bill of 1902, land registration, and the homestead program aiming at land distribution.
- Initial efforts faced issues like limited access to land for the poor and wide-spread peasant uprisings.
- The Sakdal uprising (1935) highlighted social inequality arising from land issues in Central Luzon.
- Commonwealth-era efforts faced opposition from landed elites and lack of funding.
Post-War Interventions and Contemporary Initiatives
- Post-war interventions emphasized tenancy rights, land redistribution, and land reform.
- Republic Act 34, and other legislation, aimed at fairer landowner-tenant relations.
- The Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) and National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) were established to accelerate agrarian reform under President Ramon Magsaysay.
- The Agricultural Tenancy Act (Act No. 1199) aimed at greater tenancy security and fair land rentals.
- The Agricultural Land Reform Code (Republic Act No. 3844) under President Diosdado Macapagal was a major step toward land reform.
Marcos Era and Subsequent Reforms
- Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos allowed for significant executive power, impacting agrarian reform policies.
- Presidential Decree No. 27 aimed at improving tenant-farmer relations and land redistribution but faced opposition from wealthy landowners.
- Post-Marcos period saw continued efforts to resolve agrarian issues and consolidate reforms.
- Efforts under President Corazon Aquino, including Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law), and President Fidel V. Ramos resulted in the distribution of land.
Contemporary Challenges and Future of Agrarian Reform
- Continued challenges in agrarian reform include powerful landowners, bureaucracies of government, and lack of funding, as well as the continuing desire for fairer land ownership.
- Efforts continue to distribute land, improve tenant rights, and restructure agricultural systems.
- The future of agrarian reform focuses on continuing efforts, and addressing lingering challenges to ensure fairer ownership and more equitable distribution of land amidst various challenges.
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Description
Explore the pivotal agrarian reform policies that aim to enhance the economic status of Filipino farmers. This quiz delves into the historical context of landownership under Spanish rule, highlighting the exploitative systems that shaped Filipino agriculture. Learn about the transformation of the agricultural sector and its impact on society.
