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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum amount of land that landowners can retain under CARP?
What is the maximum amount of land that landowners can retain under CARP?
What was the main objective of agrarian reform in the Philippines?
What was the main objective of agrarian reform in the Philippines?
What happens if a farmer-beneficiary fails to pay the amortization for CARP land?
What happens if a farmer-beneficiary fails to pay the amortization for CARP land?
Which system was introduced during the American Period to resolve land conflicts?
Which system was introduced during the American Period to resolve land conflicts?
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Which organization is responsible for appraising and compensating landowners under RA 6657?
Which organization is responsible for appraising and compensating landowners under RA 6657?
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What is the primary purpose of taxation?
What is the primary purpose of taxation?
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At what age can a farmer transfer CARP land to their child?
At what age can a farmer transfer CARP land to their child?
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Which tax is specifically levied by local governments on property ownership?
Which tax is specifically levied by local governments on property ownership?
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What did the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 aim to achieve?
What did the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 aim to achieve?
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Which body is primarily responsible for distributing agricultural land under CARP?
Which body is primarily responsible for distributing agricultural land under CARP?
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What is defined as the illegal effort to avoid payment of tax?
What is defined as the illegal effort to avoid payment of tax?
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Which law is recognized as the first land reform law under the Third Republic?
Which law is recognized as the first land reform law under the Third Republic?
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What was a significant outcome of the Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844)?
What was a significant outcome of the Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844)?
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Who was the President during the enactment of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)?
Who was the President during the enactment of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a principle of taxation?
Which of the following is NOT considered a principle of taxation?
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How is a tax exemption defined?
How is a tax exemption defined?
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What did PD 27 prioritize in its implementation regarding agricultural land?
What did PD 27 prioritize in its implementation regarding agricultural land?
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What legal requirement is needed to convert agricultural land to industrial use?
What legal requirement is needed to convert agricultural land to industrial use?
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What describes the politically powerful friars during colonization?
What describes the politically powerful friars during colonization?
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Who is responsible for implementing the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
Who is responsible for implementing the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?
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What describes the process of shifting the tax burden to another party?
What describes the process of shifting the tax burden to another party?
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What was the maximum amortization period set under PD 27 for land transfer?
What was the maximum amortization period set under PD 27 for land transfer?
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Which describes the definition of property taxes?
Which describes the definition of property taxes?
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What are the essential characteristics of taxes?
What are the essential characteristics of taxes?
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What was the primary aim of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) implemented by Corazon Aquino?
What was the primary aim of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) implemented by Corazon Aquino?
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Which constitution was enacted to restore democracy and safeguard civil liberties after the Marcos regime?
Which constitution was enacted to restore democracy and safeguard civil liberties after the Marcos regime?
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Which constitution represents the first republican constitution in Asia?
Which constitution represents the first republican constitution in Asia?
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What limitation does the power of taxation have according to the Philippine Constitution?
What limitation does the power of taxation have according to the Philippine Constitution?
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Which of the following features was NOT included in the 1987 Constitution?
Which of the following features was NOT included in the 1987 Constitution?
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Who served as president during the Fifth Republic of the Philippines?
Who served as president during the Fifth Republic of the Philippines?
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What significant change did the 1973 Constitution introduce?
What significant change did the 1973 Constitution introduce?
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What was one failure of the 1935 Constitution?
What was one failure of the 1935 Constitution?
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What form of government was established during the Commonwealth period in the Philippines?
What form of government was established during the Commonwealth period in the Philippines?
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Which act provided benefits specifically to Filipino soldiers and their families?
Which act provided benefits specifically to Filipino soldiers and their families?
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What was Carlos P. Garcia's policy that prioritized local industries over foreign investments called?
What was Carlos P. Garcia's policy that prioritized local industries over foreign investments called?
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Which program was responsible for the development of IR8 hybrid rice during Ferdinand Marcos's administration?
Which program was responsible for the development of IR8 hybrid rice during Ferdinand Marcos's administration?
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Who was known for the Hukbalahap amnesty program and referred to as the 'Man of the Masses'?
Who was known for the Hukbalahap amnesty program and referred to as the 'Man of the Masses'?
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Which law was enacted to foster unity among Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia under Diosdado Macapagal?
Which law was enacted to foster unity among Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia under Diosdado Macapagal?
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Which constitution was enacted under Japanese occupation, creating a puppet government in the Philippines?
Which constitution was enacted under Japanese occupation, creating a puppet government in the Philippines?
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What significant change did Diosdado Macapagal make regarding Independence Day?
What significant change did Diosdado Macapagal make regarding Independence Day?
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Study Notes
Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
- Core objective: promote social equity and improve agricultural productivity
- Pre-Colonial Period: Feudal System
- Spanish Era: Encomienda System
- Inquilinos: tenants leasing land
- Estate ownership: religious orders, criollos, mestizos, Spanish peninsulares
- American Period:
- Torrens System: introduced land registration
- Friar Lands: resolved through purchase and transfer to Filipino farmers.
- President Quezon: Rural Program Administration, Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054)
- Land reform law to improve tenant conditions
- President Roxas: 70-30 Sharing Arrangement System
- Adjusting share percentages during the Third Republic
- Elpidio Quirino: Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO)
- Resettling landless farmers
- Republic Act No. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code):
- Enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency
- Aimed to abolish share tenancy, and provide rights to tenant farmers.
- Magsaysay Administration:
- Address HUKBALHAP insurgency through land distribution to farmers
- Providing residential lands in Palawan and Mindanao
- Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR): responsible for implementing Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
- Presidential Decree 27 (PD 27):
- Prioritized rice and corn lands above 24 hectares.
- Maximum amortization period: 27 years.
Land Reform Law
- President Roxas addressed agrarian conflict, adjusting the share percentage.
- The 70-30 Sharing Arrangement System
- Republic Act No. 3844: Land Reform Code
- Intended to abolish share tenancy and give rights to farmers
- Prioritized rice and corn lands above 24 ha
History of Philippine Government and Constitution
- Alcalde Mayor: governed provinces or regions.
- Gobernadorcillo: leader of a town
- Governor General: highest official representing Spain
- Real Audiencia: highest court in the colony
- Alcalde Mayor(s): City officials
- Mindanao: where Sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao were formed
- Friar Lands: Confiscation during Emilio Aguinaldo's government
- PD 27: issues a Certificate of Land Transfer, prioritized land redistribution and land to farmers
- Agricultural reforms can lead to more productive small farmers.
- CARP: Sets land limits and compensation rules, aiming for farmer ownership and economic development
Other Key Information
- Frailocracy: politically powerful friars
- Torrens System: introduced by Americans for land registration
- Felipe Agoncillo: Philippine emissary to advocate for independence
- Barasoain Church: venue for Malolos Congress, Philippine 1st republic
- Emilio Aguinaldo: led the 1st Philippine Republic
- Manuel Quezon: 1935 Constitution, Commonwealth Government
- Treaty of Versailles: Following WWI
- Manuel Roxas: Veteran's Benefits Act of 1946, US-Philippine Military Bases Agreement and Bell Trade Law of 1946
- Jose P. Laurel: 1943 Constitution
- Elpidio Quirino: Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration
- Diosdado Macapagal: Independence Day changed
- Ramon Magsaysay: Social Security System
- Ramon Magsaysay: National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
- Carlos P. Garcia: Austerity Program
- Diosdado Macapagal: Agricultural Land Reform, MAPHILINDO
- Ferdinand Marcos: Department of Agrarian Reform, IR8 rice
- Ferdinand Marcos: Martial Law
- Ferdinand Marcos: 1973 Constitution (parliamentary system)
- Corazon Aquino: Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), 1987 Constitution
- Corazon Aquino: EDSA People Power Revolution
- Fidel Ramos: Fifth Republic
- Malolos Constitution: first republican constitution in Asia
- 1935 Constitution: failed as a social and economic reforms constitution
- 1943 Constitution: imposed during Japanese occupation (puppet govt)
- 1973 Constitution: Established during Martial Law
- 1987 Constitution: Abolishes Martial Law protections and guarantees democratic rights.
Tax System
- Legislative Branch: granted power to tax
- Limitation of Territorial Jurisdiction: limits taxing power
- Purpose of taxation: fund public needs, people's living
- Value-added Tax (VAT): imposed on goods and services
- Real Estate Tax: imposed on land and property
- Income Tax: imposed on individual earnings
- Direct Tax: absorbed by the person
- Capitalization: future tax shifts backward
- Exemption: immunity from tax
- Transformation or Shifting transfers the tax burden
- Evasion: illegal tax avoidance
- Regulatory Taxes: designed to achieve goals
- Theoretical Justice: basing tax on ability to pay
- Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR): collects national taxes
- Local government units (LGUs): collect local taxes
- Basic principles of taxation: fiscal adequacy, admin feasibility, equality
Museums and Historical Shrines
- Promoting local history involves organizing tours, maintaining museums, and publishing works about local history.
- National Museum of the Philippines: includes Fine Arts, Anthropology, Natural History (not Science and Technology)
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Description
This quiz explores the historical evolution of agrarian reform in the Philippines, covering key periods from pre-colonial times through the American occupation to post-independence policies. It highlights significant laws and programs aimed at promoting social equity and improving agricultural productivity. Test your knowledge on prominent figures and legislation that shaped land reform in the country.
