Agrarian Reform in the Philippines

The maximum amount of land a landowner can retain under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).

The primary source of funding for the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), aimed at redistributing land to farmers.

The process by which the Land Bank of the Philippines assesses the value of land acquired for CARP, compensating landowners.

The highest governing official in the Spanish Philippines, representing the King of Spain and overseeing both civil and military affairs.

The highest court in the Spanish Philippines, responsible for legal and judicial matters.

The term describing the political influence and power held by friars during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.

A system introduced by the Americans for land registration in the Philippines, granting titles to landowners after legal proof of ownership.

The constitution drafted by the Malolos Congress, establishing the First Philippine Republic under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution was enacted after the EDSA Revolution, restoring democracy and protecting individual rights.

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) aimed to distribute agricultural lands more equitably, promoting fairness in land ownership.

The EDSA People Power Revolution was a peaceful movement that ousted the Marcos regime and restored democracy in the Philippines.

The 1935 Constitution was implemented during the Commonwealth period, establishing a presidential system under American influence.

The 1973 Constitution was introduced during Martial Law, implementing a modified parliamentary system.

The 1943 Constitution emerged during Japanese occupation, granting limited independence to a puppet government.

The Legislative Branch of the Philippine government possesses the power to impose taxes, which is referred to as the power of taxation.

The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 paved the way for Philippine independence by establishing a Commonwealth government, granting Filipinos more autonomy and preparing them for self-rule.

The Veteran's Benefits Act of 1946, implemented by Manuel Roxas, provided financial assistance and support to Filipino soldiers who fought in World War II and their families, acknowledging their sacrifices and providing them with resources.

The U.S.-Philippine Military Bases Agreement allowed the U.S. to maintain military bases in the Philippines, signifying the continued relationship and strategic partnership between the two countries.

The Bell Trade Act of 1946 established trade relations and economic parity between the Philippines and the U.S., promoting economic cooperation and fostering trade between the two nations.

The 1943 Constitution was enacted during the Japanese occupation, setting up a puppet government under Japanese control, signifying the Philippines' temporary loss of autonomy during World War II.

The Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA), introduced by Elpidio Quirino, provided financial assistance and support to Filipino farmers, facilitating their economic development and boosting agricultural production.

Diosdado Macapagal transferred Independence Day from July 4 to June 12, commemorating the date of Philippine independence declared by Emilio Aguinaldo, recognizing Filipino history and celebrating national identity.

The core objective of agrarian reform is to promote social equity and improve agricultural productivity. This means ensuring fair distribution of land and resources, empowering farmers, and increasing output from farmland.

During the Spanish era, the Encomienda System was established. This system granted land to Spanish colonizers, who were responsible for converting indigenous populations to Christianity and collecting taxes. However, it often resulted in exploitation and forced labor.

The Torrens System, introduced during the American Period, is a land registration system that aims to provide a clear and secure title to property. It helps prevent land disputes and makes it easier to buy, sell, or mortgage land.

President Manuel Quezon's Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054) was a significant step towards regulating tenancy agreements and improving tenant farmers' conditions. It aimed to ensure fairer share distributions and reduce exploitation by landowners.

The Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844) was enacted during Diosdado Macapagal's presidency. Its main goal was to abolish share tenancy, a system where farmers pay a portion of their harvest to landlords, and replace it with a system of leaseholds.

President Ferdinand Marcos's Presidential Decree No. 27 (PD 27) aimed to accelerate the implementation of land reform by prioritizing the distribution of rice and corn lands, making it easier for farmers to own their land.

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) is a landmark program that aims to redistribute agricultural lands to farmers and empower them to own and manage their own land. It's a major step towards social equity and economic development.

Agrarian reform is a crucial factor in economic development. It allows small farmers to become efficient producers, contributing to increased food security, job creation, and overall economic growth.

The principle that taxation should be based on a taxpayer's ability to pay, ensuring fairness in the distribution of the tax burden.

A tax levied on the sale of goods and services at each production or distribution stage. It's a consumption tax, meaning the final consumer bears the burden.

The process of transferring the tax burden from the initial payer to another person or entity. This can happen through price increases or other mechanisms.

Taxes imposed on the ownership of real estate, including land and buildings. These are usually collected by local governments.

Taxes levied by local governments on businesses operating within their jurisdictions.

Taxes imposed on an individual's earnings from salaries, wages, and other sources of income.

When a taxpayer is directly responsible for paying the tax and cannot shift the burden to others.

The practice of illegally avoiding tax obligations. It involves methods like falsifying income, evading reporting requirements, and other deceptive tactics.