Biological Age and Aging Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the normal pH for blood in the human body?

  • 6.0
  • 9.2
  • 8.5
  • 7.4 (correct)

Which system is responsible for communication within the body?

  • Immune system
  • Renal system
  • Endocrine system
  • Nervous system (correct)

What step in the body's response to stress involves the change being detected by a receptor or sensor?

  • Step 1: Stimulus
  • Step 4: Output to the effector
  • Step 3: Input to the control center
  • Step 2: Change detection (correct)

How does aging impact the body's ability to regulate temperature?

<p>Aging changes structures that allow more rapid or extreme alteration in body conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of decreased elasticity in blood vessels due to aging?

<p>Decreased ability to constrict or vasodilate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is hair loss in elderly individuals relevant to thermoregulation?

<p>Hair provides insulation and traps air/heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of aging directly impacts the ability to shiver?

<p>Loss of muscle mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do age-related changes affect the number of blood vessels and blood flow to the skin surface?

<p>Decreased number of blood vessels and poor circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is behavioral thermoregulation considered less important in elderly individuals?

<p>Decreased eyesight and cognitive comprehension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stressors contribute to the decline in bodily functions over time in elderly individuals?

<p>Injure cells and lead to the death or decrease in function of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biological age refer to?

<p>The assessment of damage and loss of function in cells and tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the uniqueness of the aging process in individuals?

<p>DNA methylation changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for Sam Gadless after he made positive lifestyle changes?

<p>He lived to 98 and ran 7 NYC marathons by age 91 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the intrinsic factors that influence biological aging?

<p>Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the aging process refers to the decline and deterioration of functional properties at the cellular, tissue, and organ level?

<p>Biological age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the loss of functional capacity with age result in?

<p>Reduced ability to adapt to internal and external stressors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does bone mineral loss start to outstrip replacement in women?

<p>35 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does stress refer to in the context of aging?

<p>The body's reaction to any forces capable of disturbing homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis maintain within the body?

<p>Optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Physiological Aspects of Aging

  • The normal pH for blood in the human body is not specified, but it's crucial for homeostasis.

Nervous System

  • The nervous system is responsible for communication within the body.

Stress Response

  • The first step in the body's response to stress involves the change being detected by a receptor or sensor.

Thermoregulation

  • Aging impacts the body's ability to regulate temperature, making it harder to maintain homeostasis.
  • Decreased elasticity in blood vessels due to aging reduces their ability to dilate and constrict, affecting thermoregulation.
  • Hair loss in elderly individuals reduces the body's ability to trap warm air next to the skin, making it harder to maintain temperature.
  • The loss of muscle mass with age directly impacts the ability to shiver, which is essential for thermoregulation.
  • Age-related changes reduce the number of blood vessels and blood flow to the skin surface, affecting heat loss.

Behavioral Thermoregulation

  • Behavioral thermoregulation, such as dressing warmly, is considered less important in elderly individuals due to decreased physical mobility and cognitive function.

Aging Process

  • Stressors contribute to the decline in bodily functions over time in elderly individuals.
  • Biological age refers to the physical changes that occur with aging.
  • Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the uniqueness of the aging process in individuals.
  • Intrinsic factors, such as genetics, hormones, and metabolism, influence biological aging.
  • The aging process involves the decline and deterioration of functional properties at the cellular, tissue, and organ level.
  • The loss of functional capacity with age results in frailty and disability.
  • In women, bone mineral loss starts to outstrip replacement around age 30.

Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis maintains a stable internal environment within the body, including temperature, pH, and other physiological factors.
  • Stress, in the context of aging, refers to the body's response to internal or external stressors that disrupt homeostasis.

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