Podcast
Questions and Answers
These differences reflect the ______ in the lives of adults.
These differences reflect the ______ in the lives of adults.
heterogeneity
One of the primary types of research in developmental psychology is the ______ study.
One of the primary types of research in developmental psychology is the ______ study.
longitudinal
This particular kind of research, called ______ studies, can be susceptible to effects related to history.
This particular kind of research, called ______ studies, can be susceptible to effects related to history.
cross-sectional
This skill, called ______, normally declines as people age.
This skill, called ______, normally declines as people age.
Declines in ______ have been well-established by research.
Declines in ______ have been well-established by research.
Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict important life outcomes?
Which of the following personality traits has been found to predict important life outcomes?
Bess's behavior is consistent with Carstensen's ______ theory.
Bess's behavior is consistent with Carstensen's ______ theory.
About ______ percent of the variance in life spans is accounted for by genes.
About ______ percent of the variance in life spans is accounted for by genes.
What are the three criteria for successful aging defined by Rowe and Kahn?
What are the three criteria for successful aging defined by Rowe and Kahn?
What does age identity refer to?
What does age identity refer to?
What are autobiographical narratives?
What are autobiographical narratives?
What is average life expectancy?
What is average life expectancy?
What is a cohort?
What is a cohort?
What is the Convoy Model of Social Relations?
What is the Convoy Model of Social Relations?
What are cross-sectional studies?
What are cross-sectional studies?
What is crystallized intelligence?
What is crystallized intelligence?
What is fluid intelligence?
What is fluid intelligence?
What is global subjective well-being?
What is global subjective well-being?
What is hedonic well-being?
What is hedonic well-being?
What does heterogeneity mean in the context of aging?
What does heterogeneity mean in the context of aging?
What is inhibitory functioning?
What is inhibitory functioning?
What are intra- and inter-individual differences?
What are intra- and inter-individual differences?
What are life course theories?
What are life course theories?
What are life span theories?
What are life span theories?
What are longitudinal studies?
What are longitudinal studies?
What is processing speed?
What is processing speed?
What is the psychometric approach?
What is the psychometric approach?
What is recall?
What is recall?
What is recognition?
What is recognition?
What are self-perceptions of aging?
What are self-perceptions of aging?
What is a social network?
What is a social network?
What does Socioemotional Selectivity Theory explain?
What does Socioemotional Selectivity Theory explain?
What is subjective age?
What is subjective age?
What is successful aging?
What is successful aging?
What is working memory?
What is working memory?
Study Notes
Aging and Development
- Aging reflects heterogeneity, indicating diverse experiences and life choices among individuals.
- Longitudinal studies monitor the same individuals over time, providing insights into developmental changes.
Research Methods in Psychology
- Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups, but may confound with cohort effects and historical context.
- Inhibitory functioning declines with age, affecting the ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions.
- Recognition and recall are two memory tasks, with recognition generally being easier due to cues.
Cognitive Abilities
- Crystallized intelligence involves applying knowledge and experience, whereas fluid intelligence relates to problem-solving and reasoning in novel situations.
- Processing speed declines as age increases, affecting cognitive operations and efficiency.
Influences on Well-being
- Conscientiousness predicts positive life outcomes, including job success and longevity.
- Subjective age influences self-perception of aging; individuals often feel younger than their chronological age, impacting their well-being.
- Global subjective well-being encompasses overall life satisfaction and perceptions, while hedonic well-being addresses emotional experiences.
Social Dynamics and Aging
- Socioemotional Selectivity Theory explains older adults' focus on emotionally fulfilling relationships rather than a broad social network.
- Autobiographical narratives help in understanding an individual's unique life themes and identity.
Aging and Life Expectancy
- Genetic factors account for approximately 25% of variance in life expectancy, with other social and environmental factors also playing significant roles.
- Successful aging involves avoiding disease, maintaining cognitive and physical functions, and being actively engaged in life.
Theories and Models of Aging
- Life course theories examine social expectations and the cumulative impact of life experiences within cohorts.
- Convoy Model of Social Relations highlights how social exchanges evolve with age and their effects on well-being.
Memory and Intelligence
- Working memory is crucial for tasks requiring information manipulation, and declines in inhibitory functioning and recognition help explain age-related cognitive changes.
- Differences in developmental patterns can be intra- (within an individual) or inter- (between individuals).
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Description
Explore the complexities of aging and development through the lens of psychological research. This quiz covers longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, memory tasks, cognitive abilities, and their impacts on well-being. Test your understanding of how different factors influence cognitive functions as we age.
