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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of cryptanalysis in the context of encryption systems?
What is the primary goal of cryptanalysis in the context of encryption systems?
Which type of cryptography requires a secure method for key exchange between parties?
Which type of cryptography requires a secure method for key exchange between parties?
In a brute-force attack, how many keys must an attacker typically test on average to succeed?
In a brute-force attack, how many keys must an attacker typically test on average to succeed?
What characteristic differentiates asymmetric key cryptography from symmetric key cryptography?
What characteristic differentiates asymmetric key cryptography from symmetric key cryptography?
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Which of the following is NOT a popular symmetric key cryptography system?
Which of the following is NOT a popular symmetric key cryptography system?
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Which of the following best describes the primary objective of cryptographic techniques?
Which of the following best describes the primary objective of cryptographic techniques?
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In cryptographic systems, what is the significance of using a secret key during the encryption process?
In cryptographic systems, what is the significance of using a secret key during the encryption process?
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What distinguishes a symmetric key cipher from an asymmetric key cipher?
What distinguishes a symmetric key cipher from an asymmetric key cipher?
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Which of the following components directly results in the creation of ciphertext in a symmetric cipher model?
Which of the following components directly results in the creation of ciphertext in a symmetric cipher model?
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What feature of cryptography ensures that the sender cannot deny sending a message?
What feature of cryptography ensures that the sender cannot deny sending a message?
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Study Notes
Cryptanalysis
- Objective of cryptanalysis is to recover the encryption key rather than just plaintext.
- Two main approaches to attacking conventional encryption:
- Cryptanalysis: Utilizes knowledge of algorithms, plaintext characteristics, or sample plaintext-ciphertext pairs.
- Brute-force attack: Involves systematically trying every potential key until the correct one is found; statistically, half of all keys must be tested to succeed.
Types of Cryptography
- Three main categories exist:
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Symmetric Key Cryptography:
- Also known as secret-key cryptography.
- Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption by sender and receiver.
- Main disadvantage: secure key exchange is necessary.
- Popular systems include DES, AES, and Blowfish.
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Asymmetric Key Cryptography:
- Known as public key cryptography.
- Utilizes two keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption.
- More secure than symmetric key systems.
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Hash Function:
- A type of cryptographic function that converts data into a fixed-size string of characters.
-
Symmetric Key Cryptography:
Features of Cryptography
- Confidentiality: Ensures unauthorized parties cannot access the information.
- Integrity: Guarantees that the information remains unaltered during transmission.
- Non-repudiation: Provides proof of the origin of the information, preventing denial of involvement.
- Authentication: Validates the identity of users involved in the information exchange.
Symmetric Cipher Model
- Comprises five key components:
- Plain Text: The original, readable message before encryption.
- Encryption Algorithm: The method which transforms plaintext into ciphertext using the input of plaintext and a secret key.
- Secret Key: A unique value independent of plaintext and algorithm that affects the encryption process.
- Cipher Text: The transformed, unreadable output that results from the encryption algorithm.
- Decryption Algorithm: The process that converts ciphertext back to plaintext, using the same key in reverse.
Domain Name Server (DNS) Security
- DNS resolves domain names to IP addresses for communication on the Internet.
- DNS Spoofing: An attack that alters DNS server records to redirect users to fraudulent sites.
- Prevention of DNS spoofing involves keeping DNS server software updated, as updates often include patches for security vulnerabilities.
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