Afghanistan's Role in 9/11 and US Response

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Questions and Answers

What significant event occurred on September 11, 2001, in the United States?

  • The signing of a peace treaty
  • A presidential election
  • A major economic recession
  • An attack that killed nearly 3000 Americans (correct)

What was the primary outcome of the September 11 attacks as related to U.S. foreign policy?

  • Focus on climate change initiatives
  • Launch of the Global War on Terrorism (correct)
  • Increase in domestic diplomacy
  • Reduction of military presence overseas

What was the result of the first phase of the Global War on Terrorism?

  • Establishment of a stable government
  • The government fell and the group scattered (correct)
  • Complete withdrawal of U.S. troops
  • Immediate peace in the region

Why has the U.S. maintained troops in the country following the initial military action?

<p>To ensure sufficient order and security (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the approximate number of Americans killed in the September 11 attacks?

<p>Nearly 3000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the formation of Sikhism?

<p>To bridge differences between Hinduism and Islam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which Indian state are Sikhs most concentrated?

<p>Punjab (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long ago was Sikhism founded?

<p>Five centuries ago (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rank does Japan hold in terms of the size of its economy globally?

<p>Third (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What central belief does Sikhism promote?

<p>Monotheism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes Japan's current society?

<p>Affluent society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Japan is a major producer of goods for which type of market?

<p>Global market (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two religions does Sikhism seek to promote understanding between?

<p>Hinduism and Islam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects Japan's economic status?

<p>An affluent society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Japan play in the global market?

<p>Leading producer of goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did he take in 1979 that contributed to economic growth?

<p>Released political prisoners and returned money to them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the action taken in 1979?

<p>Economic growth and internal party conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main internal conflict that arose as a result of the economic changes?

<p>Arguments within the party (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the outcomes of returning money to political prisoners?

<p>It facilitated a temporary economic boost and internal disputes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the significant action related to political prisoners occur?

<p>1979 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did GATT have on international trade strategies?

<p>It made it impossible to maintain certain protectionist strategies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As of 1980, what impact did the four small 'Asian tigers' have on global manufacturing exports?

<p>They contributed to half of the manufactures exports of the Global Periphery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the economic outcome of the 'Asian tigers' by the year 2000?

<p>They raised per capita incomes to levels comparable to European countries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of trade did GATT primarily influence?

<p>Tariff reductions across member countries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the economic status of the Global Periphery as influenced by GATT and the Asian tigers?

<p>The four Asian tigers significantly improved the manufacturing output of the Global Periphery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have on shipping times?

<p>Reduces shipment times from 60 to 14 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way the BRI enhances infrastructure?

<p>Constructing railroads and highways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these modes of transportation is included in the BRI's infrastructure projects?

<p>Railroads and highways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much did the BRI reduce shipment time, according to the data provided?

<p>From 60 to 14 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key features of the infrastructure being developed under the BRI?

<p>Development of freight terminals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

September 11th attacks

The terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001.

Global War on Terrorism

The US-led military campaign against terrorism following the 9/11 attacks.

Initial attack outcome

The initial attack caused the government to fall and the group to scatter.

US troop presence

US troops remain in the country due to ongoing instability and security issues.

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Casualties (9/11)

Nearly 3,000 Americans died in the September 11 attacks.

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Affluent Society

A society with a high standard of living and significant wealth.

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Sikhism's Origin

Sikhism began about five centuries ago to unify Hinduism and Islam by promoting the belief in one God.

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3rd largest economy

Japan's economic size ranks 3rd in the world.

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Global Market

International trade and exchange of goods.

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Sikhism's Focus

Sikhism centers around the idea of a single God, monotheism.

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Producer of Goods

A country that creates and provides products.

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Sikh Concentration

The majority of Sikhs live in Punjab, India.

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Sikhism's Goal

To create harmony between Hinduism and Islam by promoting faith in a single God.

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Japan's Economy

Economic state of Japan as a global producer and major player in world trade.

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Sikhism's Time Period

Sikhism emerged approximately five centuries ago.

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1979 Economic Growth

In 1979, a leader released political prisoners and returned their money, leading to economic growth.

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Party Argument

The economic growth sparked debate within the political party.

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Political Prisoners

People imprisoned for their political beliefs.

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Returned Lan Money

The leader gave back the money that was taken from the political prisoners.

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Economic Growth

A period of increased economic activity and prosperity.

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GATT's impact on trade

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) led to reduced tariffs, making it harder for countries to protect their industries.

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Asian Tigers

The term "Asian Tigers" refers to the rapidly developing economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore in the 1980s.

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Global Periphery

The Global Periphery consists of developing countries often lacking economic and political power compared to more developed nations.

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Manufacturing exports boost

The Asian Tigers' manufacturing exports grew significantly, making up half of all exports from developing countries by 1980.

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Economic growth of Asian Tigers

The Asian Tigers experienced rapid economic progress, lifting their per capita incomes to European levels by 2000.

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BRI

The Belt and Road Initiative, a global infrastructure development strategy by China to boost trade and connectivity between Asia, Europe, and Africa.

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Infrastructure Development

The construction and improvement of physical structures like roads, railways, ports, and airports that support economic activities.

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BRI Impact on Shipping

The Belt and Road Initiative reduces shipping time significantly. For example, it cuts shipment duration from 60 to 14 days.

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Freight Terminals

Facilities equipped to handle the loading, unloading, and transfer of goods for transportation.

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Economic Benefits of BRI

The Belt and Road Initiative promotes economic growth by improving trade, transportation, and infrastructure development.

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Study Notes

Afghanistan's Role in 9/11 and US Response

  • In 1994, Afghan refugees (the Taliban) invaded Afghanistan from Pakistan.
  • In 1996, the Taliban controlled Afghanistan and gave refuge to Osama bin Laden.
  • Al-Qaeda, bin Laden's terrorist organization, spent five years in Afghanistan planning attacks.
  • September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington killed nearly 3000 Americans.
  • The US launched the "Global War on Terrorism."
  • US troops remain in Afghanistan due to instability.
  • Osama bin Laden was assassinated in 2011 in Pakistan.
  • The US, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan played crucial roles in the rise of militant Salafi Islam in Afghanistan before 9/11.

Afghanistan's History (1970s-1990s)

  • Afghanistan experienced political instability in the 1970s, leading to Soviet intervention.
  • The US supported Afghan rebels (mujahideen) against the Soviet Union.
  • Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) facilitated weapons deliveries to the Mujahideen.
  • Osama bin Laden became involved in the Afghan-Soviet war.
  • Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989.
  • Afghanistan became a failed state due to warlords and a lack of governance.
  • The Taliban gained support in the 1990s by imposing order in the chaos.

Afghan Refugees in Pakistan (1980s-1990s)

  • Over 4 million Afghan refugees lived in Pakistan's Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province and the Tribal Areas.
  • Saudi-funded madrassas radicalized a generation of refugee boys in Islamic extremism.
  • Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) trained the Taliban.

Taliban Rule (1996-2001)

  • The Taliban, led by Mullah Omar, invited Osama bin Laden to Afghanistan in 1996.
  • Bin Laden established al-Qaeda and planned attacks on the United States, culminating in the 9/11 attacks.
  • The Taliban's strict Salafi rule led to domestic and international opposition.

Post-9/11 Afghanistan

  • The US overthrew the Taliban in 2001 with Northern Alliance support.
  • Al-Qaeda leaders fled to Pakistan's tribal areas.
  • Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad, Pakistan in 2011.
  • Despite US investment, Afghanistan struggled to maintain governance.

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