Aerospace Instruments Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)?

  • To standardize pilot training procedures
  • To provide standard values for meteorological studies
  • To provide standard values for calibration of barometric instruments (correct)
  • To regulate air traffic control procedures

    • Which of the following conditions does ISA define at Mean Sea Level (MSL)?

  • A temperature of 20° C and air pressure of 29.92 inches of mercury
  • A temperature of 0° C and air pressure of 1013.25 hPa
  • A temperature of 10° C and air pressure of 1012 hPa
  • A temperature of 15° C and air pressure of 14.7 psi (correct)

    • At what altitude does the stratosphere maintain a constant temperature according to ISA?

  • 50,000 feet
  • 40,000 feet
  • 20,000 feet
  • 36,089 feet (correct)

    • How does temperature change with altitude from Mean Sea Level (MSL) in the troposphere according to ISA?

    <p>Temperature decreases by 2° C for every 1,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the terms defined for airspeed indicators?

    <p>Equilibrium Airspeed (EAS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'Q' in International Q Code by ICAO represent?

    <p>Questions related to aviation meteorology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does a barometric altimeter primarily rely upon?

    <p>Changes in air pressure with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is used in the Vertical Speed Indicator to measure changes in altitude?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard atmospheric pressure at mean sea level (MSL)?

    <p>1,013.25 hPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature lapse rate with altitude according to standard conditions?

    <p>2 degC./1000 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a descent, what causes the pointer of the airspeed indicator to deflect downwards?

    <p>Higher pressure inside the chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the airspeed indicator's diaphragm and pointer when the aircraft speed is increased?

    <p>Diaphragm expands and pointer moves up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of pressure are utilized in an airspeed indicator?

    <p>Static and dynamic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Encoding Disc in an Encoding Altimeter?

    <p>To encode altitude information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates a failure condition in the Encoding Altimeter?

    <p>Altitude information is not encoded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are involved in encoding the altitude in the Encoding Altimeter?

    <p>10 LEDs and 10 light-sensitive Darlington transistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Vertical Speed Indicator measure?

    <p>Rate of altitude change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the diaphragm in the Vertical Speed Indicator?

    <p>To detect changes in static pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many concentric rings does the Encoding Disc have?

    <p>10 rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the altitude range that the 10-bit encoding of the Encoding Altimeter covers?

    <p>-1,000 feet to +63,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Vertical Speed Indicator primarily utilize to measure changes in altitude?

    <p>Static pressure of the pitot static system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the triple-pointer type altimeter?

    <p>To indicate altitude based on atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric pressure standard is typically used for intercontinental flights?

    <p>QNE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym ICAO stand for?

    <p>International Civil Aviation Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature does the ICAO standard atmosphere define at mean sea level (MSL)?

    <p>15° C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the air pressure specified in the ICAO standard atmosphere?

    <p>1013.25 hPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using QFE, what would the altimeter read when the aircraft is on the ground at the airfield?

    <p>0 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of altimeter mentioned?

    <p>Analog-barometric altimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does QNH represent in altimeter settings?

    <p>Prevailing pressure at an airfield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the diaphragm in an airspeed indicator?

    <p>It measures the difference between total pressure and static pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the airspeed indicator pointer when the forward speed of the aircraft increases while maintaining a constant altitude?

    <p>It moves up-scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pressure types is measured by the Pitot static tube?

    <p>Total pressure and static pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dynamic pressure in the context of the airspeed indicator?

    <p>Total pressure minus static pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the airspeed indicator when the aircraft's altitude is ascending but the forward speed remains constant?

    <p>Pointer remains unchanged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the diaphragm of the airspeed indicator becomes punctured, what effect does this have on functionality?

    <p>It may lead to fluctuating airspeed indications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an airspeed indicator, how does the diaphragm respond to increased dynamic pressure?

    <p>It expands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a marked pressure connection on an airspeed indicator?

    <p>D for Dynamic pressure pipe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of sound as temperature falls with altitude?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is the speed of sound at 36,000 feet recorded?

    <p>-56.5°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an aircraft is flying at an indicated 0.7 Mach at MSL, what is its speed?

    <p>462.7 knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an increase in altitude have on static pressure?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the mechanical stops serve in the airspeed indicator?

    <p>To prevent exceeding the maximum safe airspeed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between maximum safe airspeed and Mach number?

    <p>Maximum safe airspeed is a function of both static pressure and Mach number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of colour markings on airspeed indicators?

    <p>To highlight specific operating limits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of an aircraft at 0.7 Mach when flying at 40,000 feet?

    <p>401.1 knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Barometric Instruments

    • Barometric instruments are used to measure atmospheric pressure and altitude.
    • Different types of instruments exist for different purposes.

    ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA)

    • The ISA provides standard atmospheric values, used for calibrating instruments.
    • Standard conditions at mean sea level (MSL) are 15°C temperature, 14.7 psi/1013.25 hPa/29.92 in Hg pressure.

    Airspeed Indicator (ASI)

    • Displays the speed of an aircraft relative to the surrounding air.
    • Calculated using dynamic pressure (pitot pressure - static pressure)
    • Airspeed types: IAS (uncorrected), CAS (compensated for instrument and installation errors), EAS (compensated for compressibility), TAS (compensated for actual altitude density), and Mach number (relative to the speed of sound).
    • Important components: diaphragm, pointer, temperature compensation (bimetallic strip), pitot tube and static pressure pipe.

    Mach Number Indicator

    • Indicates the speed of an aircraft relative to the speed of sound (Mach number).
    • Mach number is the ratio of the aircraft's speed to the speed of sound.

    Altimeter

    • Measures the altitude of the aircraft.
    • Uses atmospheric pressure to determine altitude, accounting to air pressure changes
    • QFE- airfield height above local MSL
    • QNH- airfield height above standard MSL, using standard atmospheric pressure.
    • QNE, standard pressure (1013.25 hPa)
    • Different types include multi-pointer, counter-pointer, Encoding altimeter.

    Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)

    • Measures the rate of change of altitude (vertical speed).
    • Uses static pressure.
    • A differential pressure gauge.
    • Shows if the aircraft is climbing/descending/maintaining altitude.

    Encoding Altimeter

    • A type of altimeter that transmits height information to ground control / ATC.
    • Uses a 10-bit code "MOA-GILHAM".

    Colour Marking of Indicators

    • Colour markings on instruments provide visual cues for operational limits of the aircraft.
    • Different colour codes indicate safe altitudes, precautionary levels, maximum/minimum or restricted speed ranges.

    Summary of Barometric Instruments

    • Barometric instruments include the Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, Vertical Speed Indicator, and Mach Number indicator.
    • Instruments differ in how they measure and display data.

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    Barometric Instruments PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various aerospace instruments used to measure atmospheric pressure, altitude, and airspeed. Participants will learn about barometric instruments, the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, airspeed indicators, and Mach number indicators. Test your knowledge on their functions and components.

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