Aerospace and Aviation Study Notes

Aerospace and Aviation Study Notes

• Space Law: Opinio juris refers to legal opinions by respected authorities.

• First Man in Space: Yuri Gagarin.

• X-15 Pilot (Early Flights): Scott Crossfield.

• Concorde Development: Result of an agreement between British Aircraft Corporation and Aerospatiale.

• First US Weather Satellite: Tiros 1 (1960).

• Halley's Comet Probe: Giotto (1985).

• First American Woman in Space: Sally Ride.

• TRANSIT Satellite Purpose: Updating inertial navigation systems on Polaris submarines.

• Space Shuttles (Missing): Enterprise.

• Satellite Categories: Communication, navigation, observation, and scientific.

• Space Treaty: 1967 Outer Space Treaty established space as the province of all mankind.

• John Glenn's Accomplishment: First American to orbit Earth.

• NASA Creation Date: July 29, 1958.

• Spacelab: European Space Agency's orbiting laboratory used in the space shuttle cargo bay.

• First Artificial Satellite: Sputnik 1.

• Soviet Space Firsts: Soviet Union achieved firsts in putting the first man in space, conducting the first spacewalk, and launching the first space station.

• Stealth Aircraft: F-117A.

• Early Jupiter Images: Pioneer probes (1973).

• Missing US Astronaut: Chuck Yeager.

• EVA Definition: Extra-vehicular activity (spacewalk).

• Cable TV Satellite: Galaxy 1.

• Moon Landing Date: July 20, 1969.

• Project Gemini Objective: Developing space rendezvous techniques.

• Oblique Wing Technology: Aircraft that changes shape during flight for optimal lift.

• Commercial Aviation Revolutionizer: Boeing 707.

• Aircraft Fuel Systems: Gravity-feed and force-feed.

• Spoiler Function: Disrupts laminar airflow.

• Langley's Achievement: Built the Aerodrome, attempting launch with a catapult.

• Aircraft Axes: Roll, pitch, and yaw.

• Viscosity: Resistance to flow.

• Useful Load Calculation: Maximum gross weight minus empty weight.

• Takeoff Angle: Angle of attack.

• Propeller Energy Conversion: Converts engine energy into thrust.

• High-Performance Fuselage: Semimonocoque.

• Wingtip Vortex: Swirling effect caused by high-pressure air on the underside trying to spill over.

• Bernoulli Principle: Velocity increase = pressure decrease.

• Landing Gear Types: Conventional, tricycle, and tandem.

• Center of Gravity: Point where aircraft's three axes meet.

• Aviation Vector: Mathematical illustration of direction and magnitude.

• Thrust-Producing Engine: Turbine engine.

• Early Aviation Scientist: Leonardo da Vinci.

• Instrument Types: Performance and control.

• Wright Brothers' Technique: Wing-warping.

• Stall Point: Point where airflow separates from the airfoil.

• First Balloon Flight: Pilatre de Rozier and Marquis d'Arlandes (1783).

• Maximum Aircraft Weight Limit: Gross weight.

• Four Forces of Flight: Lift, thrust, drag, and gravity.

• Airfoil Component (Missing): Leading camber.

• Wright Brothers' Flight (1903): Flew for 12 seconds, 120 feet.

• Artificial Horizon: Attitude indicator.

• Harriet Quimby's Accomplishment: First licensed female pilot in America (1911).

• Aeronautical Chart Line: True course.

• Pilotage: Navigation using visible landmarks.

• Airport Passenger Processing: Passenger terminal.

• Runway Numbering: First two digits of a compass direction, rounded to the nearest 10 degrees.

• True North: Earth's north geographic pole location.

• Instrument Landing System (ILS): Precise guidance for final approaches.

• Map Lines (North-South): Lines of longitude.

• Hemisphere Definition: Half of a sphere.

• Hill Elevation Display: Black dot.

• Three-Dimensional Sky Pathway: Airway.

• Rotating Beacon Lights: Green and white lights.

• Airport Control Tower Function: Runway control.

• Longitude Starting Point: Prime meridian.

• FBO Abbreviation: Fixed-base operation.

• Runway Edge Lights: White.

• Aircraft Parking Area: Ramp.

• Aircraft Runway Path: Taxiway.

• Common Taxiway Type: Parallel taxiway.

• Map Lines (Earth): Global coordinate system.

• General Aviation Map: Sectional Aeronautical Chart.

• Early Airplane Speeds: 70-80 mph, 10,000 feet maximum altitude.

• GPS Function: Converts satellite signals into position coordinates.

• Equator Division: Northern and southern hemispheres.

• NACA Establishment: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (1915).

• Earth's Air Surroundings: Atmosphere.

• Weather Map Pressure Lines: Isobars.

• Water to Vapor Change: Evaporation.

• Downdraft Shear: Microburst.

• Fog Formation (Wind): Advection fog.

• Saturated Air: Air holding maximum water vapor.

• Occluded Front: When a warm air mass is lifted by a cold air mass.

• Air Movement Slowing Factor: Friction.

• Atmospheric Composition: 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen.

• Life Zone in Atmosphere: Troposphere.

• Air Mass Definition: Large body of air with consistent temperature and moisture.

• Cloud Types: Cumulus, stratus, and cirrus.

• Air Mass Characteristics Source: Surface it forms over, travels over, and time spent away from source.

• First Transoceanic Flights: Pan American Clipper.

• Air Mass Boundary: Front.

• Constant Atmospheric Region: Homosphere.

• Earth Surface Heating Rate: Insolation.

• First US Air Mail Route: Washington, D.C., to New York City.

• General Billy Mitchell's False Claim: Mitchell's pilots did not significantly damage the Ostfriesland.

• Orbital Point of Distance: Apogee.

• Rocket Engine Stop Point: Burnout.

• Specific Impulse: Thrust per unit propellant weight.

• Battles Stopped Japanese Advance: Coral Sea and Midway.

• Apollo Moon Rocket: Saturn.

Test your knowledge on key milestones and concepts in aerospace and aviation, from the first man in space to significant treaties and satellite missions. This quiz covers historical achievements and critical developments in the field, perfect for students or enthusiasts of aerospace studies.