Aerodrome Usability Limits Quiz
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What factors limit the usability of an aerodrome for take-off?

Runway visual range and visibility, and if necessary, cloud conditions.

What is the significance of Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H) in landing operations?

DA/H indicates the altitude at which a missed approach must be initiated if required visual references are not established.

What visual requirements must be met for landing in precision approach and landing operations?

The reported visibility or controlling runway visual range must be above the aerodrome operating minima.

Define AUTOLAND in the context of aerodrome operations.

<p>AUTOLAND is a system that fully automates the landing phase, with the crew supervising the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Fail-Operational Flight Control System allow during a failure below alert height?

<p>It allows the approach, flare, and landing to be completed automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach ban point in aerodrome operations?

<p>It is the point from which an instrument approach shall not continue below 1,000 ft unless visibility requirements are met.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Fail-Passive Flight Control System respond to a single failure?

<p>It prevents significant deviation in flight path but does not complete the landing automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In non-precision approach operations, what minimum requirements must be met for landing?

<p>Visibility, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H), and if necessary, cloud conditions must be satisfied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the runway-holding position marking indicate at an intersection?

<p>It indicates where aircraft must stop at the intersection of a taxiway and runway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the runway-holding position marking displayed at a precision approach runway?

<p>It is shown as pattern A at the closer position and pattern B at the farther positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do you use the term CAT II or CAT III on runway-holding markings?

<p>It is used when a pattern B marking exceeds 60m in length at a runway-holding position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an intermediate holding position marking?

<p>It is a single broken yellow line displayed at intersections of paved taxiways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions necessitate the installation of a stop bar?

<p>It is installed for runway operations in Runway Visual Range (RVR) conditions less than 550m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the location and function of stop bars.

<p>Stop bars are located across taxiways where traffic must stop, displaying red lights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stop bars function at a runway-holding position?

<p>They show red lights in the direction of the runway, indicating when to stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the intermediate holding position marking?

<p>It signifies the point where an aircraft should hold short of an intersection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what visibility conditions are runway guard lights, configuration A, used?

<p>They are used in RVR conditions less than 550m and between 550m and 1200m with medium or low traffic density.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are runway guard lights, configuration A, positioned in relation to the taxiway?

<p>They are located at each side of the taxiway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of light are runway guard lights, and what is their flash pattern?

<p>They are unidirectional flashing yellow lights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional precaution regarding fuel should be considered during low visibility flight preparation?

<p>An extra 15 minutes of fuel should be carried for possible approach delays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum weather condition necessary for the destination aerodrome when expecting a low visibility approach?

<p>The destination aerodrome weather forecast must be below CAT I minimums.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should pilots review before executing a low visibility approach?

<p>Pilots should review NOTAMS to ensure the destination airport meets CAT II/III requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information should pilots ensure is correct regarding their aircraft before low visibility flight?

<p>Pilots should check for any defects that could limit the aircraft from executing a low visibility approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two qualifications are required for both the captain and first officer during low visibility operations?

<p>They should both be qualified and current for a low visibility approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Decision Height (DH) used for in Category III operations?

<p>A DH is used for fail-passive operations in Category III operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if an aircraft fails above the Alert Height during a Category III operation?

<p>A missed approach is initiated if a failure occurs above the Alert Height.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical Alert Height used by Ethiopian airlines for B737s?

<p>Ethiopian airlines typically uses an Alert Height of 200 ft for B737s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Runway Visual Range (RVR) determine in Category III operations?

<p>RVR is used to establish adequate visual reference for the initial rollout in fail-operational Category IIIA operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a fail-operational flight control system affect manual control during Category III operations?

<p>It ensures that the pilot is extremely unlikely to revert to manual control due to system failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is manual control allowed in Category III operations?

<p>Manual control is allowed only for systems approved for it based on the use of head-up displays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are alert heights evaluated during airworthiness certification?

<p>They are evaluated to assure sufficient system reliability and integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum RVR required if the ground roll is to be manually controlled?

<p>A minimum RVR of 200 m is required for manual control during ground roll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the RVR requirement for Category IIIA operations?

<p>The RVR requirement for Category IIIA operations is 200 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the decision height (DH) differ for Category IIIB operations with varying RVR?

<p>For Category IIIB operations, the DH can be less than 30 m (100 ft) but can go as low as 15 m (50 ft) with an RVR of 150 m or less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the RVR for Category IIIB operations with no decision height?

<p>The RVR for Category IIIB operations with no decision height is 75 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be verified before reaching 500 ft AGL for CAT III auto land approaches?

<p>Before reaching 500 ft AGL, LAND2 or LAND3 status must be verified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of Category III operations, what does Fail-Operational mean?

<p>Fail-Operational allows the aircraft to continue its approach and landing even during a failure, as it maintains necessary control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum RVR specified for IIIB operations at less than 15 m decision height?

<p>The minimum RVR is 125 m for IIIB operations with a decision height of less than 15 m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conditions must be met for an operation with no decision height according to CAT III standards?

<p>The operation must be authorized in the AFM and supported by appropriate approach aids and aerodrome facilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of RVR when the decision height and RVR do not fall within the same category?

<p>In such cases, the RVR will determine the category for the operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aerodrome Usability Limits

  • Take-off: Expressed in terms of Runway Visual Range (RVR) and/or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions.
  • Landing in Precision Approach Operations: Expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR and Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H). DA/H varies depending on the category of operation.
  • Landing with Vertical Guidance: Expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR and DA/H.
  • Landing in Non-Precision Approach Operations: Expressed in terms of visibility and/or RVR, Minimum Descent Altitude/Height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud conditions.

All-Weather Operations

  • All-weather operations are performed in conditions where visual reference is limited by weather conditions.
  • Approach ban point: The point from which an instrument approach shall not be continued below 300 (1 000 ft) above the aerodrome elevation unless the reported visibility or controlling RVR is above the aerodrome operating minima.

Autoland

  • Autoland is a system that fully automates the landing phase of the flight.
  • Pilots monitor the process and intervene in case of failures or emergencies.
  • In certain aircraft (like Boeing 737-700), pilots steer the aircraft during the rollout phase after landing.

Decision height (DH)

  • A specified height at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach to land has not been established.

Flight Control Systems

  • Fail-operational Flight Control System: The approach, flare, and landing can be completed automatically even in the event of a failure below alert height.
  • Fail-passive Flight Control System: In case of a single failure, there is no significant out-of-trim condition or deviation of flight path or attitude, but the landing is not completed automatically.

Runway-Holding Position Markings

  • Pattern A: Used at intersections of a taxiway and a non-precision, non-instrument or take-off runway, or where a single runway-holding position is provided at an intersection of a taxiway and a precision approach category I, II or III runway.
  • Pattern B: Used where two or three runway-holding positions are provided at an intersection, and at runway/runway intersections.

Intermediate Holding Position Markings

  • Displayed at an intersection of two paved taxiways.
  • Positioned across the taxiway coincident with a stop bar or intermediate holding position lights.
  • Consists of a single broken yellow line.

Stop Bars

  • Provided at every runway-holding position when the runway is intended to be used in RVR conditions less than 350m or between 350m and 550m.
  • Also provided at an intermediate holding position to supplement markings with lights.
  • Consists of lights spaced at intervals across the taxiway, showing red in the intended direction of approach to the intersection or runway-holding position.

Runway Guard Lights

  • Configuration A: Located at each side of the taxiway at taxiway/runway intersections intended for use in RVR conditions less than 550m (without a stop bar) and between 550m and 1200m (with medium/low traffic density).
  • Configuration B: Located across the taxiway in situations where the configuration of the intersection needs to be enhanced.
  • Unidirectional flashing yellow lights.

Low Visibility Flight Preparation

  • Fuel Considerations: Extra fuel is considered for possible approach delays (initially 15 minutes of extra fuel calculated at 10000 ft with the last hour fuel burn).
  • If the destination weather is forecasted to be below CAT I minimums, the alternate weather forecast shall be CAT I or above at the time of dispatch.
  • Ensure appropriate charts are used for low visibility approaches.
  • Check aircraft for any defects that can limit low visibility approach operations.
  • Captains and First Officers must be qualified and current for low visibility approaches.
  • Review NOTAMs to ensure the destination airport meets CAT II/III requirements.

CAT II/III Operations (Low Visibility)

  • Pre-flight Considerations:
    • Verify the availability of runway and approach lighting, radio navigation aids, and RVR requirements.
    • Airport NOTAMs will notify downgrading to CAT I operations if anything affects auto-land operation.
  • Decision Height (DH): Used for Category III fail-passive operations.
  • Alert Height: Used for Category III fail-operational operations (typically 30 m (100 ft) or less above the threshold). A missed approach is initiated if a failure occurs in a required system below this height.
  • Runway Visual Range (RVR): Used to establish whether visual reference will be adequate for initial roll-out (fail-operational Category IIIA operations) or to verify the aircraft is in a position for a successful landing in the touchdown zone (fail-passive Category IIIA operations). Minimum RVR of 200 m is needed for manual ground roll using visual reference..
  • Category III Subdivisions:
    • Category IIIA: DH lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no DH; and RVR not less than 200 m.
    • Category IIIB: DH lower than 15 m (50 ft) or no DH; and RVR lower than 175 m (600 ft) but not less than 50 m (200 ft). Ethiopian minimum is 75 m.
  • During CAT III operations, the entire approach down to touchdown should be flown automatically, except for systems approved for manual control using head-up displays (none on current Ethiopian 737 aircraft)..
  • Decision Height Considerations:
    • Ensure DH is not lower than the minimum specified in the AFM, the minimum height for using the precision approach aid, and the DH authorized for the flight crew.
  • No Decision Height Operations: Ensure operation is authorized in the AFM, the approach aid and airport facilities support such operations, and the operator has approval for CAT III operations with no DH.
  • CAT III Operations Procedures: Verify LAND2 or LAND3 status prior to 500 ft AGL when approaching for auto-land.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Boeing 737 Low Vis Training Manual PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on aerodrome usability limits and all-weather operations. This quiz covers topics such as take-off and landing conditions, visibility requirements, and autoland functions. Perfect for aviation students or professionals looking to refresh their understanding of aerodrome operations.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser