Aerodrome Elevations and Runway Measurements
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Questions and Answers

What is the accuracy required for measuring aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation?

  • One centimeter or half a foot
  • Two meters or six feet
  • One foot or one meter (correct)
  • One meter or three feet

    • Where must declared distances for an intersection be measured from?

  • The nearest runway threshold
  • The midpoint of the runway threshold
  • A perpendicular line from the taxiway edge farther from take-off (correct)
  • The edge of the runway strip

    • For non-precision approaches, which point's elevation is measured for each runway end?

  • The elevation of the runway end and significant high/low points (correct)
  • Only the highest point of the runway
  • Both ends of the runway
  • Just the lowest point along the runway

    • What additional information must be provided when a Type A Chart is prepared?

    <p>The date of preparation or edition/issue number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a fence or levee bank is too close to a runway strip end?

    <p>Base the take-off gradient on the next obstacle within the take-off area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elevation is specifically measured for precision instrument runways?

    <p>Elevation of the midpoint of each runway threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be reported for the declared distances when take-offs may be conducted in either direction?

    <p>The starting point from respective edges of the taxiway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the take-off gradient adjusted when obstacles are present close to the runway?

    <p>It can be based on the next obstacle within the take-off area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)?

    <p>Collecting and publishing aeronautical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is aeronautical information formatted for effective communication?

    <p>In a formalized manner suitable for interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication contains aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation?

    <p>Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NOTAM stand for?

    <p>Notice to Airmen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically communicated through an AIP Amendment?

    <p>Permanent changes to the AIP information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an AIP Supplement?

    <p>Temporary changes published via special pages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of information does the AIS provide related to aeronautical facilities?

    <p>Timely knowledge essential for flight operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does aeronautical data represent?

    <p>Facts and instructions suitable for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor when selecting a suitable site for a major airport regarding existing airports?

    <p>It should be at a considerable distance to avoid interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider visibility when selecting an airport site?

    <p>Poor visibility can reduce traffic capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the importance of ground accessibility for an airport site?

    <p>Time taken to reach the airport is essential for all operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does noise nuisance affect airport site selection?

    <p>Noise nuisance increases with the volume of air traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of airport site selection, what is the significance of regional plan integration?

    <p>It connects the airport to the national airport network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors relates to the altitude adjustment during an aircraft's landing or takeoff?

    <p>Approach areas for altitude change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a disadvantage of selecting an airport site near residential areas?

    <p>Higher potential for noise nuisance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect must be avoided when selecting a site in relation to visibility?

    <p>Choosing locations with fog or haze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information must be included regarding the aerodrome operator?

    <p>Name, address, and contact numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT specifically mentioned as a type of lighting system that should be reported?

    <p>Heliport illumination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial to know about the geographical location of the aerodrome?

    <p>World Aeronautical Chart (WAC) number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service related to safety must be specified by the aerodrome operator?

    <p>Rescue and firefighting services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following surface types is NOT listed as acceptable for runways?

    <p>Ceramic tiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of navigational aid information is required from the aerodrome operator?

    <p>Details of any navigation aid provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'local time difference' refer to in the context of aerodrome information?

    <p>Universal time coordinated (UTC) plus the local offset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be included in the special procedures for an aerodrome?

    <p>Unique procedures that pilots need to know</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable tire pressure for the High category?

    <p>1.75 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subgrade strength category has a K value of 150 MN/m3?

    <p>High Strength, A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evaluation method used for determining subgrade strength category?

    <p>Technical Evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What K value range is used to classify a Medium Strength subgrade?

    <p>60 to 120 MN/m3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the CBR value range for Medium Strength subgrade for flexible pavements?

    <p>8 to 13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Low category tire pressure?

    <p>0.50 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strength category is represented by a CBR of 15?

    <p>High Strength, A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bearing strength of a rigid pavement on a medium strength subgrade?

    <p>PCN 80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aerodrome and Runway Elevations

    • Aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation must be measured to an accuracy of one-half meter or one foot and reported to AIS-CAAP.
    • For non-precision approaches, the runway end elevations and significant high/low points must also be reported with the same accuracy.
    • For precision instrument runways, key elevations including threshold and highest touchdown zone points require the same accuracy for reporting.

    Declared Distances

    • Declared distances for runway intersections start at a perpendicular line from the farther edge of the taxiway from the take-off direction.
    • If take-offs can occur in both directions, separate declared distances must be defined for each direction from respective taxiway edges.
    • Example format for intersection departure: "RWY 16 – TKOF from TWY E: RWY remaining 2345 (7694), reduce all DECL DIST by 1312 (4305)."

    Aerodrome Obstruction Charts – Type A

    • Type A Charts must indicate the currency of the information, including date of preparation or edition/issue number.

    Obstructions and Take-off Gradients

    • If fences or levee banks are too close to the runway affecting take-off gradients, the next obstacle in the take-off area may be considered for gradient calculations.

    Factors for Site Selection for Major Airports

    • Regional Plan: Site must integrate into the national airport network.
    • Airport Use: Selection depends on whether the airport is for civilian or military.
    • Proximity to Airports: Selected sites should be distanced from existing airports to prevent interference.
    • Ground Accessibility: Sites should be easily accessible for users, critical for short-haul operations.
    • Visibility: Airports must be free from visibility-reducing conditions such as fog or smoke.
    • Noise Nuisance: Sites should minimize noise impact on surrounding areas, considering aircraft climb-out paths.

    Aeronautical Information

    • Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) collects and publishes aeronautical data, important for aviation stakeholders.
    • Key publications include:
      • Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP): Essential aeronautical information.
      • AIP Amendment: Permanent updates to AIP data.
      • AIP Supplement: Temporary updates, published on special pages.
      • NOTAM: Notices regarding changes or hazards important for flight operations.

    Aerodrome Information Elements

    • Location Information: Includes name, WAC number, coordinates, magnetic variation, UTC time, and local time differences.
    • Ground Services: Includes fuel suppliers' contact details, weather information, and available services for pilots.
    • Special Procedures: Unique procedures specific to an aerodrome that pilots need to be aware of.

    Runway Surface Types

    • Runway surfaces are classified as:
      • Bitumen seal
      • Asphalt
      • Concrete
      • Gravel
      • Grass
      • Natural surface

    Tire Pressure Categories

    • Unlimited: No limit
    • High: 1.75 MPa
    • Medium: 1.25 MPa
    • Low: 0.50 MPa

    Pavement Strength Categories

    • High Strength: K value ≥ 150 MN/m³; CBR ≥ 15 for rigid pavements.
    • Medium Strength: K value between 60-120 MN/m³; CBR 10-13 for flexible pavements.
    • Low Strength: K value < 80 MN/m³; Technical evaluations required for bearing strength assessments.

    Technical Evaluation

    • Characterization of pavement strength provides crucial data for aircraft operations and maintenance.

    Example Evaluation

    • A rigid pavement on medium strength subgrade with a technical evaluation PCN 80 and no tire pressure limitations leads to standardized reporting requirements for operations.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on aerodrome elevations, runway measurements, and declared distances for intersections. This quiz covers essential concepts related to aviation regulations and runway design. Brush up on your understanding of these critical aviation safety parameters.

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