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Questions and Answers
What is the accuracy required for measuring aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation?
Where must declared distances for an intersection be measured from?
For non-precision approaches, which point's elevation is measured for each runway end?
What additional information must be provided when a Type A Chart is prepared?
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What should be done if a fence or levee bank is too close to a runway strip end?
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Which elevation is specifically measured for precision instrument runways?
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What must be reported for the declared distances when take-offs may be conducted in either direction?
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How is the take-off gradient adjusted when obstacles are present close to the runway?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)?
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How is aeronautical information formatted for effective communication?
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Which publication contains aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to air navigation?
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What does NOTAM stand for?
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What is typically communicated through an AIP Amendment?
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Which of the following describes an AIP Supplement?
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What kind of information does the AIS provide related to aeronautical facilities?
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What does aeronautical data represent?
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What is a critical factor when selecting a suitable site for a major airport regarding existing airports?
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Why is it important to consider visibility when selecting an airport site?
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Which statement best describes the importance of ground accessibility for an airport site?
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How does noise nuisance affect airport site selection?
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In the context of airport site selection, what is the significance of regional plan integration?
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Which of the following factors relates to the altitude adjustment during an aircraft's landing or takeoff?
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What could be a disadvantage of selecting an airport site near residential areas?
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Which aspect must be avoided when selecting a site in relation to visibility?
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What type of information must be included regarding the aerodrome operator?
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Which of the following is NOT specifically mentioned as a type of lighting system that should be reported?
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What is crucial to know about the geographical location of the aerodrome?
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Which service related to safety must be specified by the aerodrome operator?
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Which of the following surface types is NOT listed as acceptable for runways?
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What type of navigational aid information is required from the aerodrome operator?
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What does 'local time difference' refer to in the context of aerodrome information?
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What must be included in the special procedures for an aerodrome?
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What is the maximum allowable tire pressure for the High category?
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Which subgrade strength category has a K value of 150 MN/m3?
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What is the evaluation method used for determining subgrade strength category?
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What K value range is used to classify a Medium Strength subgrade?
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What is the CBR value range for Medium Strength subgrade for flexible pavements?
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What characterizes Low category tire pressure?
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Which strength category is represented by a CBR of 15?
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What is the bearing strength of a rigid pavement on a medium strength subgrade?
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Study Notes
Aerodrome and Runway Elevations
- Aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation must be measured to an accuracy of one-half meter or one foot and reported to AIS-CAAP.
- For non-precision approaches, the runway end elevations and significant high/low points must also be reported with the same accuracy.
- For precision instrument runways, key elevations including threshold and highest touchdown zone points require the same accuracy for reporting.
Declared Distances
- Declared distances for runway intersections start at a perpendicular line from the farther edge of the taxiway from the take-off direction.
- If take-offs can occur in both directions, separate declared distances must be defined for each direction from respective taxiway edges.
- Example format for intersection departure: "RWY 16 – TKOF from TWY E: RWY remaining 2345 (7694), reduce all DECL DIST by 1312 (4305)."
Aerodrome Obstruction Charts – Type A
- Type A Charts must indicate the currency of the information, including date of preparation or edition/issue number.
Obstructions and Take-off Gradients
- If fences or levee banks are too close to the runway affecting take-off gradients, the next obstacle in the take-off area may be considered for gradient calculations.
Factors for Site Selection for Major Airports
- Regional Plan: Site must integrate into the national airport network.
- Airport Use: Selection depends on whether the airport is for civilian or military.
- Proximity to Airports: Selected sites should be distanced from existing airports to prevent interference.
- Ground Accessibility: Sites should be easily accessible for users, critical for short-haul operations.
- Visibility: Airports must be free from visibility-reducing conditions such as fog or smoke.
- Noise Nuisance: Sites should minimize noise impact on surrounding areas, considering aircraft climb-out paths.
Aeronautical Information
- Aeronautical Information Service (AIS) collects and publishes aeronautical data, important for aviation stakeholders.
- Key publications include:
- Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP): Essential aeronautical information.
- AIP Amendment: Permanent updates to AIP data.
- AIP Supplement: Temporary updates, published on special pages.
- NOTAM: Notices regarding changes or hazards important for flight operations.
Aerodrome Information Elements
- Location Information: Includes name, WAC number, coordinates, magnetic variation, UTC time, and local time differences.
- Ground Services: Includes fuel suppliers' contact details, weather information, and available services for pilots.
- Special Procedures: Unique procedures specific to an aerodrome that pilots need to be aware of.
Runway Surface Types
- Runway surfaces are classified as:
- Bitumen seal
- Asphalt
- Concrete
- Gravel
- Grass
- Natural surface
Tire Pressure Categories
- Unlimited: No limit
- High: 1.75 MPa
- Medium: 1.25 MPa
- Low: 0.50 MPa
Pavement Strength Categories
- High Strength: K value ≥ 150 MN/m³; CBR ≥ 15 for rigid pavements.
- Medium Strength: K value between 60-120 MN/m³; CBR 10-13 for flexible pavements.
- Low Strength: K value < 80 MN/m³; Technical evaluations required for bearing strength assessments.
Technical Evaluation
- Characterization of pavement strength provides crucial data for aircraft operations and maintenance.
Example Evaluation
- A rigid pavement on medium strength subgrade with a technical evaluation PCN 80 and no tire pressure limitations leads to standardized reporting requirements for operations.
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Description
Test your knowledge on aerodrome elevations, runway measurements, and declared distances for intersections. This quiz covers essential concepts related to aviation regulations and runway design. Brush up on your understanding of these critical aviation safety parameters.