Aerodrome Emergency Planning

• Aerodrome operations encompasses aerodrome emergency planning

Aerodrome Emergency Planning

• It prepares an aerodrome to handle emergencies on or near its grounds
• the goal is to reduce impacts, save lives, and keep aircraft moving.

Emergency examples

• Aircraft accidents, sabotage, unlawfully seized aircraft

• Dangerous goods issues, building fires, natural disasters

• Public health crises, bomb threats, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes

• An aerodrome emergency plan involves all relevant agencies, for emergency response.

Agencies on the aerodrome

• Air traffic control/ATC unit
• Rescue and firefighting services
• Aerodrome administration
• Medical and ambulance services
• Aircraft operators
• Security/police services

Agencies off the aerodrome

• Fire departments, police

• Health authorities like medical, ambulance, hospital, and public health services

• Military and coast guard

• Public Health Services plans to lesson the negative effects on the community from health incidents, addressing population health issues, not just individual health services.

• The Aerodrome Emergency Plan coordinates with the rescue coordination center as needed.

Aerodrome Emergency Exercise

• Aerodrome Emergency Plan outlines procedures for routinely testing plan effectiveness.
• Aerodrome Emergency Exercise is for assessing results, to boost effectiveness.
• The plan covers all involved agencies and equipment.
• The plan is tested with full-scale Aerodrome Emergency Exercises every two years, using partial exercises in between for deficiency correction.
• Modular tests start yearly, concluding in a full-scale exercise every three years.
• A full-scale exercise evaluates how well the plan can handle different emergency types.
• A partial exercise evaluates the response of involved agencies and plan parts like communication systems.
• Modular Tests serve to focus on specific parts of emergency plans, which are then reviewed after, or after a real emergency, this is to fix any faults found during exercises or real events.

Rescue and Firefighting

• It aims to save lives during aircraft incidents at or near the aerodrome.
• It establishes survivable conditions, provides exit routes, and rescues those who cannot escape independently.
• Rescues may need using equipment and staff not typically for rescue and firefighting.

Effective Rescue Factors

• Training effectiveness, equipment effectiveness

• Quick deployment of personnel and designated equipment

• The level of protection given for rescue and firefighting matches the aerodrome category.

• The aerodrome category depends on largest planes using aerodrome and their fuselage width.

Extinguishing Agents

• Principal and complementary extinguishing agents should be stocked at an aerodrome.
• Descriptions of agents are in Airport Services Manual Doc 9137, Part 1.
• The complementary agent is a dry chemical powder for hydrocarbon fires.
• Hydrocarbon fires include oil, gas, and liquid fires.

Fire Classes and Agents:

• Class A: Combustible materials (wood, paper, fabric, refuse)
• Class B: Flammable liquids
• Class C: Flammable gasses

Emergency Access Roads

• Roads should be built on aerodromes if terrain allows, this is to ensure quick response times.
• Provide ready access to approach areas up to 1000 m from the threshold, or within the aerodrome boundary.
• If there is a fence, access to outside areas must be easy

Fire Stations

• Satellite fire stations are needed if response time is not possible from a central station.

• Position the station so the access to the runway area is direct and clear, with minimal turns.

• All rescue and firefighting vehicles are normally kept in a fire station.

• The number of rescue and firefighting vehicles relates to an aerodrome category

Communication and Alerting Systems

• Fire stations should have a dedicated communication link to the control tower, other fire stations, and rescue/firefighting vehicles.
• Fire stations, aerodrome control tower, and other fire stations must have an alerting system for rescue/firefighting personnel.

Wildlife Strike Hazard Reduction

• Evaluate the wildlife strike risk on or around an aerodrome through
• Creating a national system for recording and reporting wildlife strikes on aircraft.
• Collecting wildlife data from aircraft operators, aerodrome staff, and other sources as the hazards to aircraft.
• Performing continuous review of the wildlife risks by experts.

Airport Signs

• Airport signs communicate critical information to pilots and vehicle operators on the airfield.

Surface Movement Radar (SMR)

• It should be installed at aerodromes when runway visual range is below 350 m.
• SMR is needed when traffic and operating issues need maintaining traffic flow through alternative measures.
• The air traffic controller can monitor the aircraft and vehicles real-time at the airport area.
• Improving safety and efficiency through providing the ground controller with a clear view in poor visibility areas.

Fencing

• A fence or similar barrier is required at an aerodrome; it prevents animals endangering an aircraft's movement area
• A fence or barrier deters unintended or willful breaches of non-public aerodrome areas.
• This includes barring access to sewers, ducts, and tunnels

Security Lighting

• An aerodrome barrier or fence designed for international civil aviation must be illuminated at a minimum level for security.
• Place lights for illuminating the ground on both sides of the fence, focusing on access points.