Adverse Reactions to Theophylline and Clinical Uses
18 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of theophylline treatment related to the gastrointestinal system?

  • Abdominal pain
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Vomiting
  • Nausea

    • Which of these statements accurately reflects the use of theophylline in managing asthma and COPD?

  • Theophylline is now the first-line therapy for treating asthma and COPD.
  • Theophylline is considered the most effective treatment option for asthma and COPD.
  • Theophylline is preferred over other medications due to its minimal side effects.
  • Theophylline is recommended for use only after other medications fail to control symptoms. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a significant disadvantage associated with theophylline treatment?

  • Narrow therapeutic margin
  • Predictable blood levels (correct)
  • Toxic effects
  • Potential for drug interactions

    • In the context of asthma treatment, which of these scenarios would most likely see the use of theophylline?

    <p>Patient has severe asthma and fails to respond to both β agonists and inhaled corticosteroids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of theophylline treatment related to the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Bradycardia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the shift away from theophylline as a first-line treatment for asthma and COPD?

    <p>Theophylline has more severe side effects than newer medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of theophylline treatment on the central nervous system?

    <p>Anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what was the outcome of the study by Adachi et al. comparing salmeterol/fluticasone to fluticasone/theophylline in treating moderate asthma?

    <p>Salmeterol/fluticasone was found to be more effective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a preferred bronchodilator for acute exacerbations of COPD, according to the GOLD guidelines?

    <p>Ipratropium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using caffeine over theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity?

    <p>Caffeine is more readily absorbed into the central nervous system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is theophylline's primary benefit in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

    <p>It stimulates respiratory drive and enhances muscle function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended loading dose for caffeine citrate in the treatment of apnea of prematurity?

    <p>20 mg/kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which long-acting β2 agonists are specifically mentioned in the context of COPD management?

    <p>Indacaterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol, Arformoterol, Olodaterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for evaluating respiratory assessment before and after treatment with xanthines?

    <p>To assess the effectiveness of drug therapy on the basis of indications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended maintenance dose of caffeine citrate for apnea of prematurity?

    <p>5 mg/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pharmacologic reason why caffeine is preferred over theophylline in the treatment of apnea of prematurity?

    <p>Caffeine has a shorter half-life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why intravenous aminophylline in the emergency department was not effective in treating acute bronchospasm?

    <p>Intravenous aminophylline did not produce additional bronchodilation compared to standard treatment with β agonists. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring serum blood levels of xanthines?

    <p>To ensure the medication is reaching therapeutic levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Aminophylline

    An intravenous agent that did not enhance bronchodilation in emergencies compared to β agonists.

    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

    A long-term lung disease characterized by obstructed airflow and breathing difficulties.

    Theophylline in COPD

    Theophylline's use in COPD is debated; it helps ventilatory drive and muscle function but has side effects.

    Long-acting β2 agonists

    Medications like salmeterol and formoterol that improve lung function in COPD management.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Preferred bronchodilators in COPD

    Inhaled β agonists and anticholinergics are recommended over theophylline for safety and effectiveness.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Caffeine vs Theophylline

    Caffeine is preferred for apnea of prematurity due to better CNS penetration and fewer side effects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Apnea of Prematurity

    A condition in preterm infants characterized by breathing pauses, treatable with xanthines.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Caffeine citrate dosing

    Administer a loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg maintenance for apnea of prematurity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Respiratory care assessment

    Evaluate drug therapy effectiveness and monitor lung function before and after treatment.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Serum blood levels monitoring

    Crucial for determining the effectiveness and safety of respiratory drugs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Adverse Reactions of Theophylline

    Negative health effects observed during theophylline treatment, organized by organ system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CNS Reactions

    Side effects affecting the central nervous system due to theophylline, including headache and anxiety.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gastrointestinal Symptoms

    Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain associated with theophylline use.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Respiratory Effects

    Increased breathing rate (tachypnea) as an adverse effect of theophylline.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cardiovascular Reactions

    Heart-related side effects like palpitations and arrhythmias from theophylline.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Theophylline Use in Asthma

    Theophylline is a second- or third-line treatment option for asthma; considered if other therapies fail.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Monitoring Theophylline Levels

    The difficulty of tracking serum concentration levels of theophylline increases risks of side effects.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Combination Therapy Comparison

    Studies show salmeterol/fluticasone outperforms fluticasone with theophylline for asthma treatment.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Adverse Reactions to Theophylline

    • Central Nervous System: Headache, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, tremor, convulsions
    • Gastrointestinal System: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux
    • Respiratory System: Tachypnea
    • Cardiovascular System: Palpitations, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, hypotension
    • Renal System: Diuresis

    Clinical Uses of Theophylline

    • Asthma and COPD: No longer a first-line treatment due to narrow therapeutic margin, unpredictable blood levels, potential toxicity, and many drug interactions.
    • Asthma (Second-Line): Reserved for cases where beta-agonists and anti-inflammatory therapy fail to control symptoms. Typically used after reliever agents (beta2 agonists), controller agents (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids), and mediator antagonists (e.g., cromolyn).
    • COPD (Second-Line): Considered if anticholinergics and beta2 agonists are insufficient. Theophylline's non-bronchodilating effects (e.g., ventilatory drive stimulation, respiratory muscle function enhancement) are sometimes beneficial, but other bronchodilators are often preferred due to side effects.
    • Apnea of Prematurity: First-line treatment when non-pharmacological methods fail. Biotransformed to caffeine in neonates. Caffeine is generally preferred due to better CNS penetration, greater potency, simpler dosing, wider therapeutic window, and fewer side effects.

    Use in Apnea of Prematurity (Caffeine)

    • Mechanism: Caffeine readily penetrates cerebrospinal fluid.
    • Advantages over Theophylline: More potent stimulant of the CNS and respiratory system; simpler dosing regimens and more predictable results; wider therapeutic margin with fewer side effects

    Respiratory Care Assessment of Xanthines (Before Treatment)

    • Assess Drug Effectiveness: Evaluate if airflow is reversible due to bronchospasm/inflammation/secretions (acute or chronic).
    • Monitor Airflow: Use peak flow meters, portable spirometry, or lab reports to assess airflow reversibility before and after bronchodilator studies.
    • Respiratory Assessment: Evaluate breathing rate/pattern and breath sounds via auscultation, before and after treatment.
    • Serum Blood Levels: Monitor theophylline/xanthine levels.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the adverse reactions associated with Theophylline, covering various systems such as the central nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal systems. It also delves into the clinical uses of Theophylline, specifically in relation to asthma and COPD, emphasizing its role as a second-line treatment. Test your understanding of these critical aspects of Theophylline.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser