18 Questions
What is the main purpose of the stock/root stock in grafting?
To provide the root system
Which type of grafting involves inserting young, actively growing woody plants into a T cut?
Tongue or whip grafting
In budding, why is a single bud from the desired scion used instead of an entire scion?
To reduce the risk of incompatibility with the root stock
What is the main difference between grafting and budding techniques?
Grafting involves using a single bud, while budding involves using an entire scion.
What is a potential disadvantage of seed propagation compared to grafting and budding?
Higher chance of incompatibility between scion and stock
Which practical consideration could be a disadvantage of grafting and budding compared to seed propagation?
Higher initial cost of materials and tools for implementation
What is the purpose of holding cut surfaces together tightly during grafting?
To prevent water loss and promote healing
Why is it important to maintain the graft at proper environmental conditions?
To optimize callus development at the graft site
What technique is utilized in micropropagation for producing new plants?
Tissue culture
What is the main purpose of acclimatization in micropropagation?
Preparing plants for survival outside the sterile environment
What are the advantages of seed propagation over vegetative propagation methods like budding and grafting?
Greater genetic variation
Why is it essential to protect cut surfaces from desiccation after grafting?
To prevent dehydration and damage to the graft union
What is a major advantage of seed propagation mentioned in the text?
Uniformity and hybrid vigor in the F1 generation
Which process is a risk associated with, except in tissue culture which uses meristems?
Vegetative propagation
What is a major disadvantage of seed propagation mentioned in the text?
Variability in heterozygous plant offspring
Which method can hasten the slow growth of seed-raised plants of some trees and shrubs?
Budding and grafting
Why are some seeds difficult to germinate according to the text?
Dormancy
Which characteristic is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of seed propagation?
Fast growth leading to early maturity
Study Notes
Advantages of Seed Propagation
- Hybrid seed production allows for additional vigor and rejuvenation.
- F1 generation hybrid seeds are produced by crossing two pure bred strains, resulting in uniformity and hybrid vigor.
- Seeds provide a method of starting disease-free plants, as viral diseases are not usually transmitted through seeds.
- Seedlings are required in nurseries to provide rootstock with desirable characters, such as resistance to root diseases.
Disadvantages of Seed Propagation
- Variability in heterozygous plants results in variation in resulting progenies due to genetic segregation.
- Loss of uniformity over generations poses a major disadvantage in the cut flower industry.
- Late maturity and slow growth are common issues, with some plants taking years to mature and flower.
- Some seeds are difficult to germinate due to dormancy, and some cultivated plants do not produce seeds at all.
Requirements for Successful Grafting
- Rapid healing of the graft union is necessary, requiring the scion to be supplied with water and nutrients from the stock.
- Grafts should be maintained at proper environmental conditions, including optimal temperature (24-29°C), high humidity, and darkness.
- Cut surfaces must be protected from desiccation, and can be covered with tape, grafting wax, etc.
Micropropagation (Tissue Culture)
- Micropropagation involves exposing a part of a plant (cell, tissue, organ) to specific conditions under aseptic environment to produce a new set of plants similar to the mother plant.
- There are four basic developmental stages in micropropagation: establishment of an explant culture, multiplication of the propagule, regeneration, and acclimatization.
Methods of Vegetative Propagation
- Stock/Root stock provides the root system and forms the lower portion of the graft.
- Scion is the aerial part of the combination, contributing to the union with the root stock.
- Grafting involves different types, including tongue or whip, crown, wedge, side, and approach grafting.
- Budding involves attaching a single bud from the desired scion to the root stock, with different techniques including T budding and patch budding.
Test your knowledge on the advantages of seed propagation, including hybrid seed production, starting disease-free plants, and the benefits of F1 generation seeds. Explore how sexual reproduction in nature leads to the evolution of new species.
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