Advantages and Disadvantages of Parenteral Nutrition

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What is one advantage of providing drugs via parenteral administration?

To promote local anesthesia

To avoid systemic toxic effects (correct)

To cause rapid drug metabolism

To enhance gastrointestinal absorption

Which type of drug administration is suitable for drugs that are inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract?

Intravenous administration (correct)

Intramuscular administration

Oral administration

Subcutaneous administration

What is a disadvantage of parental administration of drugs?

Ease of countering incorrect drug dosage

Restriction to hospitals or specialized persons (correct)

Simple manufacturing process

Minimal pain and discomfort during injections

Why can some new drugs only be given via parenteral administration?

To avoid inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What potential harm can occur if parenteral administration is not performed correctly?

Damage to nerves, muscles, and vasculature Signup and view all the answers

Which route of parenteral administration involves injecting into the vein?

Intravenous (IV) Signup and view all the answers

What volume range is suitable for IV infusion of large volume fluids according to the text?

100-1000 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injections cannot be administered through the parenteral route?

Oily injections Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of administering drugs too quickly through IV infusion?

Increased drug-induced shock risk Signup and view all the answers

Where are IM injections usually given according to the text?

Thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dosage forms are often combined for administration as an IV admixture?

Fluids and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of IM injections in terms of injection volume?

1-3 ml or up to 10 ml in divided doses Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations?

To inhibit the growth of microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

Why must large volume parenteral formulations not contain preservatives?

Preservatives may be harmful to the human body in high doses Signup and view all the answers

How can partitioning into a micellar or oil phase affect the effectiveness of a preservative?

It decreases the preservative concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antioxidants in pharmaceutical products?

To inhibit oxidative chain reactions Signup and view all the answers

How do certain antioxidants act as synergistic?

By increasing the effectiveness of other antioxidants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antioxidants forming complexes with catalysts in pharmaceutical products?

To slow down reactions Signup and view all the answers

What type of rubber stock is used with rubber stoppered products that are sensitive to oxygen?

Butyl rubber Signup and view all the answers

Why are stabilizers used in formulations?

To stabilize the formulation Signup and view all the answers

Which agents are commonly used to adjust isotonicity of IV solutions?

Dextrose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What do solubilizing agents do in pharmaceutical formulations?

Increase the solubility of drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which information is required to be included in the labeling of a pharmaceutical product?

Manufacturer/Distributor details and expiration date Signup and view all the answers

Why are glass-seal ampules preferred for gas-sensitive products?

They provide the most impervious barrier for gas transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sterile water for injection containing pyrogen?

To prevent growth of potentially contaminating bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Why can't one-liter bottles of sterile water for injection be administered intravenously (IV)?

They have no tonicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of benzyl alcohol in sterile water for injection?

To suppress the growth of contaminating bacteria Signup and view all the answers

How is bacteriostatic water for injection different from sterile water for injection?

It contains a bacteriostatic agent Signup and view all the answers

Why should boiling water used for bacteriostatic water be stored to prevent reabsorption of oxygen?

To maintain its bacteriostatic properties Signup and view all the answers

What type of containers is sterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol usually packaged in?

Prefilled syringes Signup and view all the answers