Advantages and Disadvantages of Parenteral Nutrition
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Questions and Answers

What is one advantage of providing drugs via parenteral administration?

  • To promote local anesthesia
  • To avoid systemic toxic effects (correct)
  • To cause rapid drug metabolism
  • To enhance gastrointestinal absorption

Which type of drug administration is suitable for drugs that are inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract?

  • Intravenous administration (correct)
  • Intramuscular administration
  • Oral administration
  • Subcutaneous administration

What is a disadvantage of parental administration of drugs?

  • Ease of countering incorrect drug dosage
  • Restriction to hospitals or specialized persons (correct)
  • Simple manufacturing process
  • Minimal pain and discomfort during injections

Why can some new drugs only be given via parenteral administration?

<p>To avoid inactivation in the gastrointestinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential harm can occur if parenteral administration is not performed correctly?

<p>Damage to nerves, muscles, and vasculature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of parenteral administration involves injecting into the vein?

<p>Intravenous (IV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What volume range is suitable for IV infusion of large volume fluids according to the text?

<p>100-1000 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injections cannot be administered through the parenteral route?

<p>Oily injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of administering drugs too quickly through IV infusion?

<p>Increased drug-induced shock risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are IM injections usually given according to the text?

<p>Thigh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dosage forms are often combined for administration as an IV admixture?

<p>Fluids and electrolytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of IM injections in terms of injection volume?

<p>1-3 ml or up to 10 ml in divided doses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations?

<p>To inhibit the growth of microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must large volume parenteral formulations not contain preservatives?

<p>Preservatives may be harmful to the human body in high doses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can partitioning into a micellar or oil phase affect the effectiveness of a preservative?

<p>It decreases the preservative concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antioxidants in pharmaceutical products?

<p>To inhibit oxidative chain reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do certain antioxidants act as synergistic?

<p>By increasing the effectiveness of other antioxidants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antioxidants forming complexes with catalysts in pharmaceutical products?

<p>To slow down reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rubber stock is used with rubber stoppered products that are sensitive to oxygen?

<p>Butyl rubber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are stabilizers used in formulations?

<p>To stabilize the formulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agents are commonly used to adjust isotonicity of IV solutions?

<p>Dextrose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do solubilizing agents do in pharmaceutical formulations?

<p>Increase the solubility of drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which information is required to be included in the labeling of a pharmaceutical product?

<p>Manufacturer/Distributor details and expiration date (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are glass-seal ampules preferred for gas-sensitive products?

<p>They provide the most impervious barrier for gas transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sterile water for injection containing pyrogen?

<p>To prevent growth of potentially contaminating bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't one-liter bottles of sterile water for injection be administered intravenously (IV)?

<p>They have no tonicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of benzyl alcohol in sterile water for injection?

<p>To suppress the growth of contaminating bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is bacteriostatic water for injection different from sterile water for injection?

<p>It contains a bacteriostatic agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should boiling water used for bacteriostatic water be stored to prevent reabsorption of oxygen?

<p>To maintain its bacteriostatic properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of containers is sterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol usually packaged in?

<p>Prefilled syringes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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