Advancements in Public Health

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Which field of Pathology focuses on the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of organs, tissue, or bodily fluids?

Anatomical pathology

Forensic pathology

Molecular pathology (correct)

Cytopathology

Which field of Clinical Pathology specializes in diagnosing and treating patients with failures of the immune system?

Clinical chemistry

Microbiology

Blood bank/hematology

Immunology (correct)

Which field of Pathology investigates unexpected, unnatural, or violent deaths?

Forensic pathology (correct)

Cytopathology

Anatomical pathology

Molecular pathology

Which field of Clinical Pathology focuses on the study of microorganisms that cause infections and diseases?

Microbiology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common specimen used for laboratory testing?

Saliva Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of draw for blood specimen collection?

Red top, lavender top, green top Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specimen is NOT suitable for testing divalent elements such as calcium or magnesium?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of testing in molecular pathology?

Microscopic examination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of disease based on cause?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

A disease that is caused by alterations in genetic material, such as a single mutation in a DNA base pair, falls under which category of disease based on cause?

Genetic or congenital factors Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to an intrinsically abnormal development process resulting in structural abnormalities?

Malformation Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a disease or adverse condition resulting from treatment by a healthcare professional?

Iatrogenic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about accuracy and precision in lab tests?

Accuracy describes the ability of data to match the actual value, while precision describes the spread of data from the average. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about specificity in lab tests?

Specificity describes the absence of disease in a non-disease population. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sensitivity in lab tests?

Sensitivity describes the power of the test to give a positive result in diseased subjects. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about positive predictive value (PPV) in lab tests?

PPV is the percent probability that a positive test result correctly predicts the presence of disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies can improve laboratory test utilization?

Ordering only tests related to the specific disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reflex testing in laboratory diagnostics?

To improve disease diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of laboratory stewardship?

Appropriate utilization of laboratory tests Signup and view all the answers

Why is unnecessary testing, procedures, and treatments a concern in healthcare?

It may lead to increased healthcare costs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the top 5 causes of death in Canada in 2019?

Cerebrovascular diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a change in the normal number or structure of chromosomes?

Chromosomal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a heritable disorder?

Genetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a chemical, biological, or physical agent that causes physical defects in the embryo?

Teratogen Signup and view all the answers

Which patient had a normal colonoscopy but was diagnosed with colonic adenocarcinoma?

Amit Chandra Signup and view all the answers

What was the major concern with Amit Chandra's case?

Incorrect diagnosis could lead to incorrect treatments Signup and view all the answers

Which patient had a large polyp removed during colonoscopy but no pathology was ordered?

Claire Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible pre-analytical causes for the lack of pathology order for Claire?

Miscommunication, incomplete documentation Signup and view all the answers

Which cancers have the highest incidence for both sexes according to the Cancer-specific stats 2020?

Lung cancer, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Prostate cancer, Bladder cancer Signup and view all the answers

Which cancers appear on the highest mortality list but not on the highest incidence list for both sexes according to the Cancer-specific stats 2020?

Prostate cancer, Bladder cancer, Uterus cancer, Thyroid cancer Signup and view all the answers