Advancements in Public Health

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Questions and Answers

Which field of Pathology focuses on the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of organs, tissue, or bodily fluids?

  • Anatomical pathology
  • Forensic pathology
  • Molecular pathology (correct)
  • Cytopathology

Which field of Clinical Pathology specializes in diagnosing and treating patients with failures of the immune system?

  • Clinical chemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Blood bank/hematology
  • Immunology (correct)

Which field of Pathology investigates unexpected, unnatural, or violent deaths?

  • Forensic pathology (correct)
  • Cytopathology
  • Anatomical pathology
  • Molecular pathology

Which field of Clinical Pathology focuses on the study of microorganisms that cause infections and diseases?

<p>Microbiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common specimen used for laboratory testing?

<p>Saliva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct order of draw for blood specimen collection?

<p>Red top, lavender top, green top (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specimen is NOT suitable for testing divalent elements such as calcium or magnesium?

<p>Plasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of testing in molecular pathology?

<p>Microscopic examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of disease based on cause?

<p>Environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disease that is caused by alterations in genetic material, such as a single mutation in a DNA base pair, falls under which category of disease based on cause?

<p>Genetic or congenital factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to an intrinsically abnormal development process resulting in structural abnormalities?

<p>Malformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a disease or adverse condition resulting from treatment by a healthcare professional?

<p>Iatrogenic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about accuracy and precision in lab tests?

<p>Accuracy describes the ability of data to match the actual value, while precision describes the spread of data from the average. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about specificity in lab tests?

<p>Specificity describes the absence of disease in a non-disease population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sensitivity in lab tests?

<p>Sensitivity describes the power of the test to give a positive result in diseased subjects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about positive predictive value (PPV) in lab tests?

<p>PPV is the percent probability that a positive test result correctly predicts the presence of disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies can improve laboratory test utilization?

<p>Ordering only tests related to the specific disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reflex testing in laboratory diagnostics?

<p>To improve disease diagnosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of laboratory stewardship?

<p>Appropriate utilization of laboratory tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is unnecessary testing, procedures, and treatments a concern in healthcare?

<p>It may lead to increased healthcare costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the top 5 causes of death in Canada in 2019?

<p>Cerebrovascular diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a change in the normal number or structure of chromosomes?

<p>Chromosomal abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a heritable disorder?

<p>Genetic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a chemical, biological, or physical agent that causes physical defects in the embryo?

<p>Teratogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient had a normal colonoscopy but was diagnosed with colonic adenocarcinoma?

<p>Amit Chandra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the major concern with Amit Chandra's case?

<p>Incorrect diagnosis could lead to incorrect treatments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient had a large polyp removed during colonoscopy but no pathology was ordered?

<p>Claire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible pre-analytical causes for the lack of pathology order for Claire?

<p>Miscommunication, incomplete documentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancers have the highest incidence for both sexes according to the Cancer-specific stats 2020?

<p>Lung cancer, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer, Prostate cancer, Bladder cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancers appear on the highest mortality list but not on the highest incidence list for both sexes according to the Cancer-specific stats 2020?

<p>Prostate cancer, Bladder cancer, Uterus cancer, Thyroid cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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