Advanced Pharmacotherapeutics CVD Lecture: Hypertension
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary hypertension?

  • Primary hypertension is persistently at or above 140/90 mmHg, while secondary hypertension is persistently below 140/90 mmHg
  • Primary hypertension is caused by a known condition, while secondary hypertension has no obvious underlying cause (correct)
  • Primary hypertension is caused by the renin-angiotensin system, while secondary hypertension is caused by persistent strain on the heart
  • Primary hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, while secondary hypertension is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease

What is the most common cause of primary hypertension?

  • Aneurysms
  • Renin-angiotensin system dysfunction (correct)
  • Persistent strain on the heart
  • Chronic kidney disease

Which system can be applied to understand a case study of hypertension?

  • Cardiovascular system
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
  • Renin-angiotensin system (correct)

What can untreated hypertension lead to if there is persistent strain on the heart?

<p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does secondary hypertension differ from primary hypertension?

<p>It is caused by known conditions affecting specific bodily systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line drug therapy for hypertension according to the given information?

<p>ACE inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major risk factor associated with hypertension?

<p>Renal Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin levels?

<p>Increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors due to their prevention of bradykinin breakdown?

<p>Increased inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should renal function be monitored in patients being initiated on ACE Inhibitors?

<p>Before and during treatment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Hypertension

Hypertension with no identifiable cause.

Secondary Hypertension

Hypertension caused by a specific, identifiable underlying condition.

Renin-Angiotensin System

Dysfunction of this system is a common cause of primary hypertension.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Persistent strain on the heart due to untreated hypertension can lead to this condition.

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Secondary Hypertension

Known conditions affecting bodily systems (e.g., kidneys, endocrine) cause this type of hypertension.

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ACE Inhibitors

These drugs are often the initial choice for treating hypertension.

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Renal Disease

A pre-existing condition that elevates the risk of hypertension development.

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Bradykinin Levels

ACE inhibitors lead to increased levels of this vasodilator.

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Increased Inflammation

A potential adverse reaction from ACE inhibitors resulting from increased bradykinin.

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Renal Function Monitoring

This should be assessed before and during treatment with ACE inhibitors.

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