10 Questions
What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?
It helps RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region
During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?
Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate from incoming nucleotides
What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?
They are involved in forming phosphodiester bonds
What do we mean when we say the genetic code is “universal”?
The same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms
What is the role of tRNA? How are tRNAs “charged”?
Carrying amino acids to the ribosome; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases add amino acids
What enzyme is used in PCR? What enzymatic activity does it have?
Taq polymerase; DNA polymerization
If the template strand is used as template to produce RNA, why do we call the nontemplate strand the “coding strand”?
It has the same sequence as the RNA produced
What components of the replication fork are not present in PCR, and why are they not needed?
Helicase and topoisomerase; PCR uses heat to separate DNA strands
What is the genetic code “degenerate”?
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
Where in the eukaryotic cell do transcription, mRNA processing, and translation occur? What makes this different than prokaryotes?
Transcription in nucleus, mRNA processing in cytoplasm, translation at ribosomes; compartmentalization differs from prokaryotes
Test your knowledge of molecular biology with this quiz! Explore the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons in RNA and DNA, the universality and degeneracy of the genetic code, and the relationship between nucleotides and amino acids. Understand the distinctions between DNA, gene, codon, exon, and more.
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