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Advanced Molecular Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?

It facilitates translation initiation

It aids in mRNA processing

It helps RNA polymerase recognize the promoter region (correct)

It assists in DNA replication

During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?

GTP hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of pyrophosphate from incoming nucleotides (correct)

ATP hydrolysis

Energy from tRNA molecules

What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?

They determine the nucleotide sequence

They are responsible for mRNA stability

They are involved in forming phosphodiester bonds (correct)

They regulate transcription initiation

What do we mean when we say the genetic code is “universal”?

The same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA? How are tRNAs “charged”?

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome; aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases add amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is used in PCR? What enzymatic activity does it have?

Taq polymerase; DNA polymerization Signup and view all the answers

If the template strand is used as template to produce RNA, why do we call the nontemplate strand the “coding strand”?

It has the same sequence as the RNA produced Signup and view all the answers

What components of the replication fork are not present in PCR, and why are they not needed?

Helicase and topoisomerase; PCR uses heat to separate DNA strands Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic code “degenerate”?

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Where in the eukaryotic cell do transcription, mRNA processing, and translation occur? What makes this different than prokaryotes?

Transcription in nucleus, mRNA processing in cytoplasm, translation at ribosomes; compartmentalization differs from prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers