Advanced Molecular Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription initiation?

It helps RNA polymerase recognize the promoter sequence (correct)
It aids in the binding of ribosomes to mRNA
It facilitates the splicing of pre-mRNA
It acts as a proofreading enzyme during transcription

During mRNA synthesis, where does the energy come from to create bonds between nucleotides?

The energy is provided by the binding of RNA polymerase to the template DNA strand
Nucleotide triphosphates provide the energy for bond formation (correct)
Phosphodiester bonds are formed using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP
The energy is derived from the hydrolysis of DNA

What enzyme is used in PCR and what enzymatic activity does it have?

DNA helicase, which unwinds the double helix during DNA replication
DNA polymerase I, which removes RNA primers and fills the gaps with DNA nucleotides
Taq polymerase, which synthesizes new DNA strands using existing ones as templates (correct)
DNA ligase, which joins Okazaki fragments during lagging strand synthesis
RNA polymerase, responsible for transcribing DNA into RNA

What do we mean when we say the genetic code is 'degenerate'?

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the 2’, 3’, and 5’ carbons of RNA (and/or DNA)?

They are involved in the formation of phosphodiester bonds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tRNA and how are tRNAs 'charged'?

tRNA is responsible for translating the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids; charging involves the attachment of an amino acid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA, gene, codon, exon, and chromosome?

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein; a codon is a sequence of nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid; an exon is a non-coding region of DNA; a chromosome is a single-stranded DNA molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where in the eukaryotic cell do transcription, mRNA processing, and translation occur? What makes this different than prokaryotes?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while mRNA processing and translation occur in the cytoplasm; in prokaryotes, all these processes occur in the cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

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