Advanced Clinical Chemistry Lesson 1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the rubber bulb used with a pipette?

To apply suction and draw liquid into the pipette (correct)

To regulate the temperature of the liquid

To measure the viscosity of the liquid

To secure the pipette in place

When using a pipette, what should be done after raising the pipet tip out of the liquid?

Shake the pipette gently to mix the liquid

Stop the suction and cover the top with an index finger (correct)

Remove the pipette from the laboratory

Immediately drain the liquid into the receiving vessel

Which statement correctly describes the position in which the pipette should be held during usage?

At a 45-degree angle to facilitate flow

Directly horizontal for maximum control

Inverted to capture any residual liquid

Upright to ensure accurate liquid transfer (correct)

What accuracy is a typical fixed-volume pipette known for?

Only measuring one specific volume accurately Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wiping the tip of the pipette after filling it with liquid?

To remove any excess liquid for accuracy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pipette typically allows the user to select multiple volumes?

Variable pipette Signup and view all the answers

What should you ensure about the position of the pipette tip when draining into a receiving vessel?

More than half of the pipette should be submerged to avoid bubbles Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a variable pipette is being used before measurement?

Rotate the adjustment knob to select the desired volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the additive Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) found in yellow blood collection tubes?

Prevents coagulation by binding calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which blood collection tube color is specifically designed for routine CBC and ESR tests?

Lavender Signup and view all the answers

What does the additive Sodium Fluoride do in gray blood collection tubes?

Preserves glucose and inhibits bacterial growth Signup and view all the answers

Which tube requires a blood-to-anticoagulant ratio of 9:1 for optimal test results?

Light Blue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lithium heparin in green collection tubes?

Inhibits thrombin formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the required inversion for the light green separator tube after collection?

8-10 inversions Signup and view all the answers

Which additive is found in orange blood collection tubes?

Thrombin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of K2EDTA in royal blue collection tubes?

Prevents clotting by binding calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which blood collection tube is primarily used for glucose determination?

Gray Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimen is the lavender tube specifically used for?

Routine immunohematology testing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood Collection Tubes

Blood collection tubes can be used with both the ETS (Evacuated Tube System) and syringe methods.
Tubes are designed to collect small blood amounts from capillary punctures.
Each tube is color-coded, indicating specific additives or properties, commonly made from glass or plastic.

Additives in Blood Collection Tubes

Additives are substances integrated into evacuated tubes.
Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting during sample collection.
Chelates are additives that bind specific substances.

Stopper Color and Additives

Yellow Tube

Contains Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) and Acid Citrate Dextrose.
Used in microbiology for blood cultures and blood banking.
Requires 8 inversions to prevent coagulation.

Light Blue Tube

Contains 3.2% Buffered Citrate, supporting a blood to anticoagulant ratio of 9:1.
Used in hematology for coagulation studies including PT and aPTT.
Requires 3-4 gentle inversions.

Red Tube

Silicone-coated for clot activation.
Used in chemistry for serum determinations, blood bank, and immunoserology.
Five inversions if using clot activator; no inversion needed for glass tubes.

Gold Plastic Tube

No additive, features a gel separator promoting clotting.
Used for chemistry, blood banking, and immunoserology.
Requires five inversions for adequate mixing.

Light Green Tube

Contains Lithium Heparin with a gel separator to prevent clotting.
Used for plasma determination in chemistry.
Requires 8-10 inversions.

Green Tube

May contain Lithium or Sodium Heparin.
Used for blood gas analysis and hematology testing.
Requires 8-10 inversions.

Lavender Tube

Contains 1.5 mg/mL EDTA, inhibiting coagulation.
Primarily used for chemistry (HBA1C), hematology (CBC, ESR), and blood banking.
Requires 8-10 inversions and samples must be tested within 4 hours for optimal results.

Gray Tube

Contains Potassium Oxalate (anticoagulant) and Sodium Fluoride (antiglycolytic agent).
Prevents clotting by binding calcium and preserves glucose levels.
Can be stored for up to 3 days, requiring 8-10 inversions.

Orange Tube

Contains Thrombin which acts as a clot activator.
Used for STAT chemistry determinations with a quick clotting time of 5 minutes.

Royal Blue Tube

May have no additive, K2EDTA, or Heparin, used for trace elements and toxicology.
Requires 8 inversions.

Tan Tube

Contains Sodium Heparin (glass) or K2EDTA (plastic) used for lead determination.

Pink Tube

Features spray-coated K2EDTA; used for blood bank testing and donor screening.

Pipetting Techniques

Utilize fixed-volume or variable pipettes, ensuring proper technique for accurate measurement.
Hold the pipet upright and use a rubber bulb for suction above the desired graduation line.
Wipe the pipet tip to remove excess liquid, ensuring no bubbles when transferring contents.
Thumb controls the bulb, while the index finger stops the flow of liquid.

Key Operating Instructions

For variable pipettes, adjust the knob for the desired volume.
Maintain a vertical position while draining and ensure half of the pipet tip is submerged to avoid air bubbles.

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Description

This quiz covers the first lesson on blood collection tubes and their associated tests in clinical chemistry. It includes information about various collection methods and the significance of color-coded stoppers for identifying tube types. Test your knowledge on how to properly collect and utilize blood specimens.