Adulthood Quiz: Identity and Intellectual Functioning

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What disorder is reclassified under Prolonged Grief Disorder in DSM-5-TR?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (correct)

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Acute Stress Disorder

Which factor is NOT a key to successful aging?

Community connections

Social supports

Personality traits

Financial wealth (correct)

Which characteristic is included in the definition of diversity?

Educational status (correct)

Personal achievements

Historical involvement

Political affiliations

What is the focus of the Cousins (1989) study mentioned?

Self-perceptions shaped by cultural meaning systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is NOT associated with diversity according to the outlined characteristics?

Creative talent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations contributes to adaptability as a key personality factor for successful aging?

Optimism and positivity Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of diversity pertains to multilingual capabilities?

Bilingualism Signup and view all the answers

What was the hypothesis of Cousins' 1989 study?

Cultural meaning systems shape self-perceptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in an individualistic culture?

Autonomy and personal identity Signup and view all the answers

What is a key finding from Adams & Plaut's study on friendship patterns?

Cultural context influences friendship norms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for professionals working with diverse families?

Strict adherence to cultural stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

What does the definition of culture include, according to Schweder?

Shared norms, values, and behaviors within groups Signup and view all the answers

What approach focuses on existing resources and supports in families?

Strengths-based approach Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does NOT contribute to family strengths?

Deficit-oriented analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes the organization of a family unit?

Family structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a collectivistic culture?

Empathy and relational identity Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is not typically associated with individual characteristics that support strong family relationships?

Aggression Signup and view all the answers

What is a key process in family resilience?

Maintaining stability and positivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common component of positive parent-child relationships?

Respectful communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes family cohesion?

Traditions and routines Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of family relationships can positively influence a child's success in school?

Quality relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral strength in families?

Clear roles and routines Signup and view all the answers

The American Family Assets Study highlights which of the following traits as important for family well-being?

Community ties Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is acknowledged regarding family resilience?

Some challenges require systemic supports Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the introduction of a research proposal?

Clear statement of the hypothesis and overview of the research problem. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT part of the method section in a research proposal?

Importance of the study in society. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key piece of advice for writing a research proposal?

Revise after drafting to enhance clarity and coherence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects a focus area of the research example on gender and mental health?

Biological sex versus gender role orientation as explanatory theories. Signup and view all the answers

What role does societal perception play according to the debates in gender and mental health?

It contributes to the mental health gap between genders. Signup and view all the answers

What typically characterizes fluid abilities during adulthood?

They are related to creativity and flexible thinking. Signup and view all the answers

How does Higgins' theory explain discrepancies in identity?

Actual/Ideal discrepancy concerns aspirations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of an interdependent self within cultural perspectives?

Understanding behavior through relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary developmental task according to C.G. Jung in the second half of life?

Individuation and inner growth Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does role strain often pose in adulthood?

Balancing multiple role demands becomes difficult. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of social identity can lead to the conflicting standards dilemma?

The perception of belonging to a social category. Signup and view all the answers

What tends to happen to self-esteem as individuals transition from young to middle adulthood?

It rises and peaks around age 60 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cognitive abilities is likely to decline in late adulthood?

Processing speed Signup and view all the answers

What is an effect of 'the second shift' on women during adulthood?

It increases demands in fulfilling multiple roles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome related to the Actual/Ought discrepancy in Higgins' theory?

Presence of undesired outcomes or sanctions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with challenges faced during retirement?

Physical health status Signup and view all the answers

During middle and late adulthood, which of the following affects positive affect and neuroticism?

Positive affect increases while neuroticism decreases Signup and view all the answers

At approximately what age does adulthood begin?

In the 3rd decade of life. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a midlife crisis?

An emotional crisis related to identity and self-confidence Signup and view all the answers

In terms of processing speed and memory, what happens in late adulthood?

Mild decline occurs in processing speed, but working memory can maintain function Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional challenge noted in middle and late adulthood?

Loss of spouse or significant others Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adulthood

Approximate age range: Begins in the third decade (typically the 20s)
Intellectual Functioning:
- Crystalized intelligence: Accumulated concrete knowledge that increases with age.
- Fluid abilities: Creativity, flexible thinking, peak in the 20s-30s then stabilize.
Major Tasks and Concerns in Adulthood:
- Identity: Social roles central, involving multiple selves.
- Contemporary views on Identity & Self:
  - Higgins' Theory: "Empirical Self" based on observable aspects.
  - Two dimensions: Actual-Ideal discrepancy and Actual-Ought discrepancy; failures to meet aspirations or duties lead to loss or sanctions (undesired outcomes).
- Identity and Personality:
  - Cultural perspectives: Independent self (autonomy) vs. interdependent self (identity within relationships, influenced by others).
  - Cultural Priming: Behavior influenced by perceived thoughts/feelings of close others.
  - Role Strain: Fulfilling multiple role demands is challenging, often impacting women due to "second shift."

Midlife and Late Adulthood

Middle adulthood: ~40-60 years old
Late adulthood: ~65+ years old
Intellectual Abilities and Aging:
- Positive developments: Positive affect increases, negative affect and neuroticism decrease.
- Self-esteem generally peaks around age 60.
- Challenges: Mild decline in processing speed and short-term memory.
Social Identity and Conflicting Standards Dilemma
- Social identity: The perception of belonging to a social category (e.g., gender, ethnicity).
- Conflicting standards: May explain sex differences in psychological outcomes (e.g., higher depression rates in women).
Midlife Crisis: A potential emotional crisis of identity and self-confidence.
Successful Aging Factors: Personality, adaptability, positive attitude, optimism, social supports, community connections.
Mid-life Crisis Revisited: Often associated with major stressful life experiences.
Cognitive Changes: Some decline, particularly with explicit memory, but working memory can be maintained with accommodations.
Social and Emotional Stressors in Middle & Late Adulthood: Loss of spouse/significant others, retirement (adaptations, financial considerations, economic security).
Psychological Considerations in Grief: Grief as a disorder, reclassified as prolonged grief disorder in DSM-5-TR, different from major depressive disorder.

Diverse Families

Definition: Variation in human experiences, dynamic and evolving backgrounds, contexts.
Characteristics influencing diversity: Ability/disability, aboriginal/mixed/immigrant backgrounds, age.
Further diversity factors: bilingualism/multiculturalism, body size, customs and traditions, ethnicity/race, educational/disciplinary status, gender, gender identity, geographical background, marital status, political ideologies.

Family Strengths Lecture

Strengths-based vs. deficit-based approach
Characteristics of strong families (individual characteristics, patterns of interaction, cohesion)
Family resilience: Ability to adapt and rebound from adversity.
Parent-Child Relationships: Respectful communication, warmth/affection, sensitivity, emotional expression.
Romantic and Social Bonds: Quality relationships benefit adults and children, parental happiness influences children's success.

Writing APA Proposals

Types of Scholarly Articles: Quantitative (original empirical research), Qualitative (original empirical research – thematic/descriptive).
Proposal Structure: Introduction (problem, question/theory, review of literature, hypothesis statement), Method (Participants, Measures, Procedure, Proposed Analysis), Significance and Limitations.
Writing Tips: Simple words, conversational writing, avoid wordiness, revise after drafting.
Research Examples: Gender and Mental Health (focus areas: gender roles/identity).

Research Examples (cont'd) in Diversity

Biological sex vs. gender role orientation as explanatory theories.
Role of gender in mental health disparities.
Impacts of societal views/stereotypes on mental health.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the characteristics and concerns of adulthood, including intellectual functioning and social identity. This quiz covers key concepts such as crystalized vs. fluid intelligence, identity theory, and cultural perspectives in adulthood. Explore how various dimensions of identity shape our roles and personalities as we navigate this stage of life.