Adult Viral Infections and Treatments

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for asthma according to GINA guidelines?

Eliminate all symptoms during exacerbations

Decrease medication adherence

Improve lung function (correct)

Reduce hospital visits

Which of the following is a key pharmacologic treatment for stable COPD?

Corticosteroids alone

Antibiotics

Opioids for pain management

Bronchodilators (correct)

How is allergic rhinitis (AR) primarily characterized?

Chronic cough without nasal symptoms

An IgE-mediated inflammatory response (correct)

Upper respiratory inflammation without eosinophils

Asthma exacerbations triggered by cold weather

In diagnosing COPD, which diagnostic method is considered essential?

Spirometry Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT recommended for allergic rhinitis management?

Antibiotics for bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

When considering monitoring parameters for asthma, which factor is least relevant?

Skin assessment for allergies Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most commonly associated with acute bronchitis?

Cough Signup and view all the answers

When is antibiotic therapy recommended for pharyngitis?

For strep throat confirmed by a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for children with acute rhinosinusitis who are stable but symptomatic?

Watchful waiting up to 3 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication of bacterial infection in bronchitis cases based on observed symptoms?

Presence of colored sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is the best management strategy for treating common cold symptoms?

Symptomatic relief measures Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires the definitive diagnostics of soft tissue imaging for confirmation?

Acute rhinosinusitis Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical for diagnosing acute otitis media (AOM)?

Observation of bulging tympanic membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first-line treatment for children diagnosed with acute otitis media?

Amoxicillin Signup and view all the answers

In children with a recent viral URI followed by worsening symptoms, what is a significant indicator for antibiotic treatment?

New onset of fever and nasal discharge after initial improvement Signup and view all the answers

When addressing acute sinusitis, which scenario is appropriate for antibiotic prescription in adults?

Severe symptoms persisting beyond 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception about colored sputum in bronchitis is frequently encountered?

It points to likelihood of a bacterial infection. Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of abnormal vital signs, what is usually required to rule out pneumonia in patients with acute bronchitis?

Physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is commonly associated with first-generation antihistamines?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to first-generation antihistamines, second-generation antihistamines are known to be:

More selective for peripheral H1 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of first-generation antihistamines in infants?

Potential for CNS stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when taking first-generation antihistamines during breastfeeding?

Sedating medications Signup and view all the answers

Why might second-generation antihistamines be preferred over first-generation in seasonal allergies?

Lower incidence of sedation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect when using brompheniramine?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adult Viral Infections and Common Cold Treatments

90-98% of rhinosinusitis are viral and antibiotics may not help.
Severe or worsening rhinosinusitis may require antibiotic therapy.
- Severe: Symptoms lasting 3-4 days, fever above 102F, purulent nasal drainage, facial pain.
- Persistent: Symptoms lasting over 10 days without improvement, nasal drainage or daytime cough.
- Worsening: New onset fever, daytime cough, or nasal discharge after initial improvement of viral URI.
Acute bronchitis is most commonly diagnosed, but antibiotics are not recommended regardless of cough duration.
- Evaluate for pneumonia if vital signs are abnormal: Heart rate above 100, respiratory rate above 24, temperature above 38C.
- Colored sputum does not indicate bacterial infection.
** Common cold or non-specific upper respiratory tract infection (URI):**
- Most common diagnosis, caused by over 200 viruses.
- Prominent symptoms: Fever, cough, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, sore throat, headache, and myalgias.
Pharyngitis (Strep Throat):
- Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) infection is only common reason for antibiotics.
- GAS causes 5-10% of adult sore throat cases.
- Treat with antibiotics if Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) results are positive.

Pediatric Viral Infections and Common Cold Treatments

Acute rhinosinusitis (acute sinusitis):
- Watchful waiting for up to three days for children with acute bacterial sinusitis and persistent symptoms.
- Antibiotics may be prescribed for children with:
  - Severe or worsening rhinosinusitis.
  - History of Type I hypersensitivity to penicillin.
Acute Otitis Media (AOM):
- Most common childhood infection.
- Mild, unilateral symptoms in children 6-23 months or unilateral/bilateral symptoms in children over 2 years: Watchful waiting.
- Amoxicillin is first-line treatment for children who did not receive it in the past 30 days.
- **Amoxicillin/clavulanate for children with: **
  - Moderate to severe bulging of the tympanic membrane.
  - New-onset otorrhea not due to otitis externa.
  - Mild bulging of the tympanic membrane with recent antibiotic exposure.

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Description

This quiz covers the key points regarding adult viral infections, focusing on rhinosinusitis, common colds, and acute bronchitis treatments. It highlights the conditions under which antibiotics may or may not be necessary, as well as evaluates symptoms and their implications for treatment. Test your understanding of viral versus bacterial infections and their management.