Knowles Adult Learning Theory Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

Adult Learning Theory

Malcolm Knowles was the first to theorize how adults learn and described adult learning as a process of self-directed inquiry.
Adults enter learning experiences to create change in their skills, behavior, knowledge level, or attitude about things.
Adult Learning Theory, also known as andragogy, is the concept or study of how adults learn and how it differs from children.

Definition of Terms

Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences.
Learning may be defined as a mental activity by which knowledge, skills, attitudes, appreciations, and ideals are acquired, resulting in behavior modification.
Learning may also be defined as a process of internal organization within the learner of a complex of thought patterns, perceptions, assumptions, skills, habits, attitudes, in relation to the problems of living.

Adult Learning and Education

Adult Learning refers to the entire range of formal, non-formal, and informal learning activities undertaken by adults and out-of-school youth, resulting in the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
An Adult Learner is a person socially accepted as an adult who is in a learning process, whether it's formal education, informal learning, or corporate-sponsored learning.
Adult Education is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values.

Major Adult Learning Theories

There are many learning theories for adult learners, each with unique applications and techniques associated with it.
Different theories and techniques will resonate better with students based on their primary learning style.

Andragogy

Andragogy is the "art and science of helping adults learn" and was popularized by Malcolm Knowles in 1980.
Andragogy contrasts with pedagogy, which is the art and science of helping children learn.
Key characteristics of andragogy include:
- Adult learners need to know why they should learn something.
- Adult learners need internal motivation.
- Adult learners want to know how learning will help them specifically.
- Adult learners bring prior knowledge and experience that form a foundation for their learning.
- Adult learners are self-directed and want to take charge of their learning journey.
- Adult learners find the most relevance from task-oriented learning that aligns with their own realities.

Transformative Learning

Transformative learning was developed by Jack Mezirow in the 1970s.
This learning theory focuses on changing the way learners think about the world around them and how they think about themselves.
Transformative learning utilizes dilemmas and situations to challenge learners' assumptions and principles, and then uses critical thinking and questioning to evaluate underlying beliefs.

Description

Learn about Adult Learning Theory, developed by Malcolm Knowles in 1968, which focuses on the distinct ways adults learn compared to children. Explore how adults engage in self-directed learning to create change and enhance their skills, knowledge, and attitudes.