Adrenal Medulla Pathology: Pheochromocytoma

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What is the term for 'dark' in the word Pheochromocytoma?

Oma

Pheo

Chromo (correct)

Cyto

What is the main function of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla?

Regulate blood pressure

Produce melanin

Secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (correct)

Secrete insulin

What is the effect of catecholamines on the body?

Constrict pupils

Decrease cardiac output

Decrease blood flow to skeletal muscle

Increase blood sugar (correct)

What percentage of pheochromocytomas are malignant?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Where else can chromaffin cells be found in the body?

Carotid arteries in the neck, bladder, and abdominal aorta Signup and view all the answers

What inherited syndrome is associated with pheochromocytoma?

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and type 2B Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene that promotes cell growth and division?

RET Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor of nerve tissue on the tongue, lips, or in the GI tract?

Mucosal Neuromas Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor suppressor protein?

VHL Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease associated with a mutation in the VHL gene?

Von Hippel-Lindau disease Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily responsible for the development of abnormal blood vessels in Sturge-Weber Syndrome?

Mutations in the GNAQ gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epinephrine and norepinephrine in pheochromocytoma?

To increase heart rate and cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of a pheochromocytoma tumor?

Adrenal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common age range for neuroblastoma diagnosis?

Infants and toddlers (< 5 years old) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CXCL12 in neuroblastoma pathogenesis?

It attracts immune cells to the tumor site Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of neuroblastoma due to chemokine release?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the oncogene associated with neuroblastoma?

MYCN Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pheochromocytoma?

Adrenalectomy with venous ligation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the substance released by sweat glands in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the face to sweat in Horner syndrome?

Anhidrosis Signup and view all the answers