Chapter 6 Pharm Book

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Which type of adrenergic drugs activate the adrenergic receptor by directly activating it?

Sympathomimetic (correct)

Adrenergic Agonists

Sympatholytics

Norepinephrine blockers

Where are the adrenergic neurons found which release norepinephrine as the primary neurotransmitter?

Both in the central nervous system (CNS) and sympathetic nervous system (correct)

Central nervous system (CNS) only

Parasympathetic nervous system only

Sympathetic nervous system only

Which part of the neuron or effector organ are the sites of action of adrenergic drugs?

Presynaptic neuron only

Postsynaptic neuron and effector organ

Presynaptic neuron and effector organ (correct)

Postsynaptic neuron only

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter is used in neurotransmission at adrenergic neurons?

Norepinephrine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs interrupt the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic neurons?

Sympatholytics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic receptor is predominantly found in the heart?

β1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic response of α1 receptor stimulation?

Vasoconstriction and an increase in total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic receptor type is responsible for vasodilation in the skeletal vascular beds?

β2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the major effect mediated by α2 adrenoceptors?

Inhibition of norepinephrine release Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature differentiates catecholamines from noncatecholamines?

Presence of polar hydroxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the poor penetration of catecholamines into the central nervous system (CNS)?

Polar nature preventing easy penetration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about epinephrine?

It causes vasoconstriction by acting on bronchial smooth muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major action of epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?

Strengthens the contractility of the myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What effect does epinephrine have on hyperglycemia?

Increases glycogenolysis in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing epinephrine?

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final metabolite found in the urine after metabolizing epinephrine?

Vanillylmandelic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for direct-acting adrenergic agonists?

Bind to adrenergic receptors without interacting with presynaptic neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the removal of norepinephrine from the synaptic space?

Uptake into storage vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure alteration that influences the affinity of adrenoceptors for various agents?

Alterations in the primary structure of the receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of norepinephrine?

Hydroxylation of tyrosine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenoceptors exhibit strong response to isoproterenol and less sensitivity to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

β2 Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for decarboxylating DOPA to form dopamine?

Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can block the carrier system involved in the transport of dopamine into synaptic vesicles?

Reserpine Signup and view all the answers

Which class of adrenoceptors primarily mediate classic effects involving constriction of smooth muscle?

α1 Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of norepinephrine from the nerve junction?

Influx of calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol upon activation of α1 receptors?

Generation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphatidylinositol Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor subtype causes feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release from the stimulated adrenergic neuron?

α2 Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for termination of norepinephrine's effects?

Recapture by an uptake system Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is responsible for oxidizing recaptured norepinephrine in neuronal mitochondria?

Monoamine oxidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drug used in the emergency treatment of bronchospasm?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute asthma and anaphylactic shock?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

In chronic treatment of asthma, which drug is presently favored due to longer duration of action and minimal cardiac stimulatory effect?

Albuterol Signup and view all the answers

Which drug may be used to restore cardiac rhythm in patients with cardiac arrest regardless of the cause?

Epinephrine Signup and view all the answers

What effect does epinephrine have when included in local anesthetic solutions?

Prolongs the duration of local anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

Which route is the preferred route for epinephrine administration due to rapid absorption?

Intramuscular (anterior thigh) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse CNS effects can epinephrine produce?

Anxiety, fear, tension, headache, and tremor Signup and view all the answers

Chapter 6 Pharm Book

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Questions and Answers

Which type of adrenergic drugs activate the adrenergic receptor by directly activating it?

Where are the adrenergic neurons found which release norepinephrine as the primary neurotransmitter?

Which part of the neuron or effector organ are the sites of action of adrenergic drugs?

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by adrenergic neurons?

What neurotransmitter is used in neurotransmission at adrenergic neurons?

Which type of drugs interrupt the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic neurons?

Which type of adrenergic receptor is predominantly found in the heart?

What is the characteristic response of α1 receptor stimulation?

Which adrenergic receptor type is responsible for vasodilation in the skeletal vascular beds?

What is the major effect mediated by α2 adrenoceptors?

Which structural feature differentiates catecholamines from noncatecholamines?

What is the main reason for the poor penetration of catecholamines into the central nervous system (CNS)?

Which of the following is true about epinephrine?

What is the major action of epinephrine on the cardiovascular system?

What effect does epinephrine have on hyperglycemia?

Which enzyme is responsible for metabolizing epinephrine?

What is the final metabolite found in the urine after metabolizing epinephrine?

What is the mechanism of action for direct-acting adrenergic agonists?

Which process involves the removal of norepinephrine from the synaptic space?

What is the primary structure alteration that influences the affinity of adrenoceptors for various agents?

What is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of norepinephrine?

Which type of adrenoceptors exhibit strong response to isoproterenol and less sensitivity to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

What is the enzyme responsible for decarboxylating DOPA to form dopamine?

Which drug can block the carrier system involved in the transport of dopamine into synaptic vesicles?

Which class of adrenoceptors primarily mediate classic effects involving constriction of smooth muscle?

What triggers the release of norepinephrine from the nerve junction?

What initiates the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol upon activation of α1 receptors?

Which receptor subtype causes feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release from the stimulated adrenergic neuron?

What is the primary mechanism for termination of norepinephrine's effects?

What enzyme is responsible for oxidizing recaptured norepinephrine in neuronal mitochondria?

What is the primary drug used in the emergency treatment of bronchospasm?

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of acute asthma and anaphylactic shock?

In chronic treatment of asthma, which drug is presently favored due to longer duration of action and minimal cardiac stimulatory effect?

Which drug may be used to restore cardiac rhythm in patients with cardiac arrest regardless of the cause?

What effect does epinephrine have when included in local anesthetic solutions?

Which route is the preferred route for epinephrine administration due to rapid absorption?

What adverse CNS effects can epinephrine produce?

In which condition does epinephrine induce pulmonary edema?

'What effect does cocaine have on the cardiovascular actions of epinephrine?'

'What effect do β-blockers have on epinephrine's effects on β receptors?'

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