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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of α₁ adrenergic receptors?
What is the primary function of α₁ adrenergic receptors?
- Bronchodilation
- Stimulates renin release
- Vasoconstriction and pupil dilation (correct)
- Inhibits neurotransmitter release
Which receptor type is responsible for decreasing heart rate?
Which receptor type is responsible for decreasing heart rate?
- α₂
- M2 (correct)
- ꞵ2
- M1
Where are β₂ adrenergic receptors primarily located?
Where are β₂ adrenergic receptors primarily located?
- Adipose tissue and bladder
- Blood vessels and pancreas
- Lungs and GI tract (correct)
- Heart and kidneys
What effect do β₃ adrenergic receptors have on adipose tissue?
What effect do β₃ adrenergic receptors have on adipose tissue?
Which receptor type primarily stimulates glandular secretion and smooth muscle contraction in the GI tract?
Which receptor type primarily stimulates glandular secretion and smooth muscle contraction in the GI tract?
Flashcards
α₁ receptor function
α₁ receptor function
Causes vasoconstriction, increases blood pressure (BP), and dilates pupils.
ꞵ2 receptor function
ꞵ2 receptor function
Leads to bronchodilation, vasodilation, and stimulates glycogen breakdown.
M3 receptor function
M3 receptor function
Causes smooth muscle contraction and increases glandular secretions.
α₂ receptor function
α₂ receptor function
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ꞵ1 receptor function
ꞵ1 receptor function
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Receptors
- α₁: Located in blood vessels, bladder (urinary sphincter), and eyes. Its function is vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure (↑ BP), and pupil dilation.
- α₂: Found on pre-synaptic nerve terminals, pancreatic beta cells, vascular smooth muscles, and platelets. Its function is inhibiting neurotransmitter release and decreasing insulin secretion (↓ insulin).
- β₁: Located in the heart (SA node, AV node, myocardium), and kidneys (JG cells). Its function is increasing heart rate (↑ HR) and stimulating renin release.
- β₂: Located in the lungs, GI tract, liver, and skeletal muscle. Its function is bronchodilation, vasodilation, and stimulating glycogen breakdown.
- β₃: Located in adipose tissue and bladder. Its function is lipolysis (fat breakdown) and bladder relaxation.
Muscarinic Receptors
- M₁: Located in the CNS and gastric glands. Its function is affecting cognitive function and stimulating gastric acid secretion.
- M₂: Located in the heart and CNS. Its function is decreasing heart rate (↓ HR).
- M₃: Located in glands and smooth muscles of the GI tract, lungs, and bladder. Its function is smooth muscle contraction and increasing glandular secretion.
- M₄: Located in the CNS. Its function is inhibiting neurotransmitter release.
- M₅: Located in the CNS; specifically the midbrain and blood vessels. Its function is stimulating dopamine release in the midbrain, and causing vasodilation in the brain.
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