Respiratory System

What are the three main causes of restricted airflow mentioned in the text?

Inflammation, spasmodic state of smooth muscle, and excessive production of mucus (correct)
Humoral factor, excessive production of mucus, and vagal nerve
Bronchoconstrictor influence, non-cholinergic excitatory nerve, and excessive production of mucus
Inflammation, spasmodic state of smooth muscle, and bronchoconstrictor influence

What is the function of a beta-adrenergic agonist medication like Ventolin?

To inhibit the effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes
To stimulate beta 2 adrenoreceptors and reduce smooth muscle tone (correct)
To prevent bronchial inflammation and induce bronchoconstriction
To reduce the production of inflammatory mediators

What is the function of a muscarinic receptor antagonist medication?

To reduce the production of inflammatory mediators
To block the effect of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors (correct)
To stimulate beta 2 adrenoreceptors and reduce smooth muscle tone
To prevent bronchial inflammation and induce bronchoconstriction

What is the function of a xanthine drug like theophylline?

To inhibit intracellular cyclic AMP and stimulate the respiratory center (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential adverse effects of theophylline?

Seizure, cardiac arrhythmia, death (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ipratropium bromide?

To act as an anticholinergic bronchodilator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a glucocorticosteroid medication?

To reduce the production of inflammatory mediators (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential adverse effects of inhaled glucocorticosteroid medication?

Hoarseness, irritation, dysphonia, candidiasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cromolyn and nedocromil sodium medication?

To reduce the production of inflammatory mediators (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a steroid-sparing agent like methotrexate?

To reduce the need for glucocorticosteroid medication (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential adverse effects of methotrexate?

Hair loss, hepatotoxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of montelukast medication?

To block the effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main factors that can cause airflow restriction in the respiratory system?

Spasmodic state of smooth muscle, inflammation, and excessive production of mucus (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a beta adrenergic agonist and is used as a reliever for respiratory conditions?

Ventolin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of xanthine drugs in treating respiratory conditions?

Both of the above (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow therapeutic range of adenosine?

10-20mg/L (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the lethal dose of theophylline?

40+ mg/L (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an anticholinergic bronchodilator?

Ipratropium bromide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucocorticosteroids in treating respiratory conditions?

Stopping production of inflammatory mediators (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cromolyn and nedocromil sodium in treating respiratory conditions?

Stopping production of inflammatory mediators (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is a steroid-sparing agent for severe asthma?

Methotrexate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of montelukast in treating mild asthma in pediatric patients?

Blocking the effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes without the use of steroids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action to reduce the risk of candidiasis when using glucocorticosteroids?

Wash the mouth after usage or use antifungal oral suspension/gel (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of non-cholinergic excitatory nerves in causing airflow restriction?

Releasing tachykinins (D) Signup and view all the answers