30 Questions
What is the percentage of the total size of the adrenal glands that is composed of the adrenal cortex?
90%
What is the primary precursor for the production of hormones in the adrenal cortex?
Cholesterol
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids and androgens?
ACTH
What is the function of the zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex?
Principal source of mineralocorticoids
What is the significance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Control of mineralocorticoid secretion
What is the structure of the adrenal glands?
Pyramid-like shape
What percentage of the adrenal cortex is composed of the zona reticularis?
15%
Which of the following hormones is produced by the zona fasciculata?
Cortisol
What is the primary effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?
Stimulates lipolysis and gluconeogenesis
What is the primary regulator of cortisol synthesis?
ACTH
What is the typical diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion?
Highest levels in the morning, lowest levels at night
What is the primary use of cortisol in therapeutic settings?
Treatment of autoimmune disorders
What is the characteristic of SCNN1B gene mutation?
Increase activity of the Epithelial sodium channel
What is the defect associated with Gitelman's Syndrome?
Thiazide sensitive transporter mutation
What is the test used to diagnose hypoaldosteronism?
Furosemide Stimulation Test
What is the hormone regulated by ACTH that serves as a precursor for the production of more potent androgens and estrogens in tissues?
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
What is the condition characterized by hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis?
Hypoaldosteronism
What is the synthetic mineralocorticoid used to treat hypoaldosteronism?
Florinef
What is the primary effect of excessive androgen production in women and children?
Virilization
What is the primary function of norepinephrine in the body?
Acting as a neurotransmitter in the CNS and sympathetic nervous system
What is the ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine in serum?
9:1
What is the major metabolite of dopamine in the urine?
Homovanillic acid
What is the primary characteristic of pheochromocytoma?
A tumor of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglia
What is the result of secondary hypocortisolism on cortisol and ACTH levels?
Decreased cortisol and decreased ACTH
What is the primary use of the measurement of plasma metanephrines and normetanephrines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma?
As a screening test
What is the purpose of the Metyrapone Test?
To measure the ability of the pituitary gland to respond to declining levels of circulating cortisol
What is the most sensitive and specific screening test for excess cortisol production?
24 hour urinary free cortisol
What is the result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia on cortisol and ACTH levels?
Decreased cortisol and increased ACTH
What is the gold standard for confirming secondary and tertiary hypocortisolism?
Insulin Tolerance Test
What is the current reference method for measuring urinary free cortisol?
HPLC-MS
Learn about the adrenal glands, their structure, and the hormones they produce. Understand the functions of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
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