Adrenal Glands and Hormones
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Questions and Answers

What is the percentage of the total size of the adrenal glands that is composed of the adrenal cortex?

  • 90% (correct)
  • 75%
  • 80%
  • 10%

    • What is the primary precursor for the production of hormones in the adrenal cortex?

  • Pregnenolone
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone
  • Cholesterol (correct)

    • Which hormone is responsible for regulating the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids and androgens?

  • Aldosterone
  • ACTH (correct)
  • RAAS
  • CRH

    • What is the function of the zona glomerulosa layer of the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Principal source of mineralocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

    <p>Control of mineralocorticoid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the adrenal glands?

    <p>Pyramid-like shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adrenal cortex is composed of the zona reticularis?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by the zona fasciculata?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Stimulates lipolysis and gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regulator of cortisol synthesis?

    <p>ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion?

    <p>Highest levels in the morning, lowest levels at night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of cortisol in therapeutic settings?

    <p>Treatment of autoimmune disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of SCNN1B gene mutation?

    <p>Increase activity of the Epithelial sodium channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect associated with Gitelman's Syndrome?

    <p>Thiazide sensitive transporter mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the test used to diagnose hypoaldosteronism?

    <p>Furosemide Stimulation Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hormone regulated by ACTH that serves as a precursor for the production of more potent androgens and estrogens in tissues?

    <p>Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Hypoaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the synthetic mineralocorticoid used to treat hypoaldosteronism?

    <p>Florinef</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of excessive androgen production in women and children?

    <p>Virilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of norepinephrine in the body?

    <p>Acting as a neurotransmitter in the CNS and sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of norepinephrine to epinephrine in serum?

    <p>9:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major metabolite of dopamine in the urine?

    <p>Homovanillic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of pheochromocytoma?

    <p>A tumor of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of secondary hypocortisolism on cortisol and ACTH levels?

    <p>Decreased cortisol and decreased ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the measurement of plasma metanephrines and normetanephrines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma?

    <p>As a screening test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Metyrapone Test?

    <p>To measure the ability of the pituitary gland to respond to declining levels of circulating cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most sensitive and specific screening test for excess cortisol production?

    <p>24 hour urinary free cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia on cortisol and ACTH levels?

    <p>Decreased cortisol and increased ACTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for confirming secondary and tertiary hypocortisolism?

    <p>Insulin Tolerance Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current reference method for measuring urinary free cortisol?

    <p>HPLC-MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

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