Adrenal Gland Dysfunction
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are caused by bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

  • 35%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 5%
  • 9.3%

    • What mutation is present in 38% of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma cases?

  • ATP1A1
  • CACNA1D
  • KCNJ5 (correct)
  • KCNJ3

    • What is the result of autonomous aldosterone synthesis in primary aldosteronism?

  • Increased hypertension (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Improved cardiovascular health
  • Reduced sodium reabsorption

    • What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are familial?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

    <p>Increased sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of aldosterone-producing adenomas?

    <p>Small range in diameter with lipid-rich cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Extra-adrenal cause due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption?

    <p>Increased sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Renin-secreting tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal gland?

    <p>Production of mineralocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperaldosteronism on blood pressure?

    <p>It increases blood pressure due to high reabsorption of sodium and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma?

    <p>Unilateral mass that is mostly benign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathogenesis of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Unknown, but may be due to mutations of KCNJ5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aldosterone on the renin-angiotensin system?

    <p>It inhibits the renin-angiotensin system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological feature of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

    <p>Diffuse hyperplasia of aldosterone-producing cells within the adrenal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of primary hyperaldosteronism on the adrenal gland?

    <p>It leads to adrenal cortical hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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