21 Questions
What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are caused by bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?
60%
What mutation is present in 38% of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma cases?
KCNJ5
What is the result of autonomous aldosterone synthesis in primary aldosteronism?
Increased hypertension
What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are familial?
5%
What is the primary effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
Increased sodium reabsorption
What is the characteristic feature of aldosterone-producing adenomas?
Small range in diameter with lipid-rich cells
What is the primary cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Extra-adrenal cause due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system
What is a common complication of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypokalemia
What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption?
Increased sodium reabsorption
What is a rare cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
Renin-secreting tumor
What is a characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal gland?
Production of mineralocorticoids
What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?
Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism
What is the effect of hyperaldosteronism on blood pressure?
It increases blood pressure due to high reabsorption of sodium and water
What is the characteristic of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma?
Unilateral mass that is mostly benign
What is the pathogenesis of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?
Unknown, but may be due to mutations of KCNJ5
What is the prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism?
5%
What is the effect of aldosterone on the renin-angiotensin system?
It inhibits the renin-angiotensin system
What is the histological feature of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?
Diffuse hyperplasia of aldosterone-producing cells within the adrenal cortex
What is the primary hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa?
Aldosterone
What is the effect of primary hyperaldosteronism on the adrenal gland?
It leads to adrenal cortical hyperplasia
Test your knowledge of adrenal gland dysfunction, including its etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical features, laboratory findings, diagnostic approaches, and treatment. Learn about the structure and function of the adrenal gland, and how it can go wrong. Understand the role of the medulla and cortex in adrenal gland dysfunction.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
