Adrenal Gland Dysfunction
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are caused by bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

  • 35%
  • 60% (correct)
  • 5%
  • 9.3%

What mutation is present in 38% of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma cases?

  • ATP1A1
  • CACNA1D
  • KCNJ5 (correct)
  • KCNJ3

What is the result of autonomous aldosterone synthesis in primary aldosteronism?

  • Increased hypertension (correct)
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Improved cardiovascular health
  • Reduced sodium reabsorption

What percentage of primary aldosteronism cases are familial?

<p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?

<p>Increased sodium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of aldosterone-producing adenomas?

<p>Small range in diameter with lipid-rich cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Extra-adrenal cause due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on sodium reabsorption?

<p>Increased sodium reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Renin-secreting tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal gland?

<p>Production of mineralocorticoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperaldosteronism on blood pressure?

<p>It increases blood pressure due to high reabsorption of sodium and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma?

<p>Unilateral mass that is mostly benign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathogenesis of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Unknown, but may be due to mutations of KCNJ5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism?

<p>5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aldosterone on the renin-angiotensin system?

<p>It inhibits the renin-angiotensin system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the histological feature of bilateral idiopathic hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Diffuse hyperplasia of aldosterone-producing cells within the adrenal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa?

<p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of primary hyperaldosteronism on the adrenal gland?

<p>It leads to adrenal cortical hyperplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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