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Questions and Answers
What accounts for approximately 70% of cases of Cushing syndrome?
What accounts for approximately 70% of cases of Cushing syndrome?
- Secretion of ectopic ACTH by non‐pituitary neoplasms
- Primary adrenocortical neoplasms
- Primary hypothalamic‐pituitary diseases associated with hypersecretion of ACTH (correct)
- Elevated ACTH bilateral cortical hyperplasia
What is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in cases of hypersecretion of ACTH?
What is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in cases of hypersecretion of ACTH?
- Medullary carcinomas of the thyroid
- Corticotroph microadenoma (correct)
- Primary adrenocortical neoplasms
- Lung cancer (small cell carcinoma)
What accounts for approximately 10% of cases of Cushing syndrome?
What accounts for approximately 10% of cases of Cushing syndrome?
- Primary hypothalamic‐pituitary diseases associated with hypersecretion of ACTH
- Benign adrenocortical neoplasm
- Secretion of ectopic ACTH by non‐pituitary neoplasms (correct)
- Primary adrenocortical neoplasms
What type of adrenocortical neoplasm accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome?
What type of adrenocortical neoplasm accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome?
What characterizes the biochemical hallmark of adrenocortical neoplasms causing ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome?
What characterizes the biochemical hallmark of adrenocortical neoplasms causing ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome?
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Study Notes
Adrenal Gland Pathology
- The adrenal gland consists of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, each responsible for different hormones and functions.
Adrenal Cortex
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Hyperadrenalism includes three primary clinical syndromes:
- Cushing Syndrome: Characterized by excess cortisol production.
- Hyperaldosteronism: Defined by chronic excess secretion of aldosterone.
- Adrenogenital Syndromes: Result from elevated androgen levels, leading to virilization.
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Hypercortisolism and Cushing Syndrome:
- Can arise from various conditions that cause increased glucocorticoid levels, either from external sources (exogenous) or internal production (endogenous).
- Exogenous causes typically result from administered glucocorticoids, which may lead to bilateral adrenal atrophy and suppress ACTH secretion due to negative feedback.
Adrenal Medulla
- Tumors can occur in the adrenal medulla, although specific tumor types are not detailed in the provided content.
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