Adrenal Gland and Cortisol Disorders

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What is the primary function of adrenaline in the body?

Enhancing the brain's use of glucose

Producing cortisol and androgens

Increasing the heartbeat and blood pressure (correct)

Regulating salt and water balance

What is the main function of cortisol in the body?

Regulating the body's salt and water balance

Regulating the body's growth and metabolism

Producing sex hormones

Enhancing the brain's use of glucose and increasing the availability of substances that repair tissues (correct)

What is the name of the hormone that triggers the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and androgens?

Glucocorticoid

ACTH (correct)

Aldosterone

Adrenaline

What is the term for a condition characterized by an excess of cortisol in the blood?

Hypercortisolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of Cushing's Syndrome?

Long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gland that regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the hormones it produces?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone that regulates the body's salt and water balance?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range in which Cushing's Syndrome is most commonly found?

20-50 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of hypercortisolism in the US population?

40-70 people per 1 million Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Cushing's syndrome?

Long-term corticosteroid therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on muscle tissue?

Breakdown of muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fat deposits in hypercortisolism?

Fat deposits are found in the face, clavicular area, and trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature between Cushing's syndrome and PCOS?

Excess hair growth, acne, and obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excessive secretion of ACTH by a pituitary tumor?

Cushing's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the late symptom of hypercortisolism that affects the skin?

Purple striae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of hypercortisolism caused by another malignancy, such as lung cancer?

Ectopic Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of excess ACTH on melanocytes?

Stimulate melanin production Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adrenal cortex is typically destroyed before many symptoms of Addison's disease develop?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Addisonian crisis?

Blood volume depletion due to aldosterone loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of insulin in managing hyperkalemia?

To shift potassium into cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol deficiency on the body?

Decreases blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of aldosterone levels in diagnosing Addison's disease?

To diagnose aldosterone deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ACTH stimulation test in diagnosing Addison's disease?

To assess adrenal function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for Addisonian crisis?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dosage of steroidogenesis inhibitors?

400-1200 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of radiation therapy in the treatment of PCOS?

To destroy abnormal tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of PCOS in females?

Excess hair growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of adrenal insufficiency in 80-90% of cases?

Autoimmune disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for adrenal insufficiency?

Type I DM Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency?

30-50 years Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of hypocortisolism?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PCOS?

Thyroid disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that occurs when the adrenal gland is damaged?

Addison's Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of secondary hypocortisolism?

Pituitary gland not producing enough ACTH Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased aldosterone levels in hypocortisolism?

Sodium loss and water loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hypoglycemia in hypocortisolism?

Decreased aldosterone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sudden cessation of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on cortisol levels?

Decreased cortisol levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased ACTH levels in Addison's disease?