Adrenal Gland Anatomy and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex?

  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona glomerulosa (correct)
  • Zona reticularis
  • Medulla

Which zone of the adrenal cortex produces androgens?

  • Zona fasciculata
  • Medulla
  • Zona reticularis (correct)
  • Zona glomerulosa

What is the primary function of the adrenal medulla?

  • To produce mineralocorticoids
  • To produce androgens
  • To produce glucocorticoids
  • To produce catecholamines (correct)

What is the result of excess aldosterone production?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition caused by autonomous overproduction of aldosterone?

<p>Hyperaldosteronism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of primary hyperaldosteronism?

<p>Adrenal adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Adrenal Saline Suppression Test?

<p>To diagnose hyperaldosteronism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excess aldosterone on blood pH?

<p>Metabolic alkalosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ratio of plasma aldosterone to renin?

<p>PAR ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition caused by adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Addison's disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of treatment in unilateral aldosterone increase due to adrenal adenoma?

<p>Remove the tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cortisol hormone?

<p>To increase blood glucose through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on the immune system?

<p>Suppresses the immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Cushing's syndrome due to exogenous corticosteroid medications?

<p>Mimics the action of cortisol on tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high cortisol levels on ovarian and testicular functions?

<p>Inhibits GnRH, decreasing LH and FSH release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on blood pressure regulation?

<p>Increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

<p>Increases blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of bilateral aldosterone increase?

<p>Adrenal hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment goal for bilateral aldosterone increase due to adrenal hyperplasia?

<p>Suppress hyperplasia in zona glomerulosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis method for Cushing's syndrome?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the zona reticularis in the adrenal gland?

<p>Secreting sex steroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for excessive growth of coarse hair in women in a male pattern?

<p>Hirsutism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in high-income countries?

<p>Autoimmune destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sudden and severe adrenal insufficiency caused by bacterial infection?

<p>Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

<p>Enzyme deficiency in the production of cortical steroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal gland?

<p>Producing aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the development of female physical characteristics in males?

<p>Feminization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

<p>Hormonal therapy and supplementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of disorders characterized by disorders of sexual differentiation?

<p>Adrenogenital syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ACTH stimulation test?

<p>To diagnose primary adrenal insufficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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