Adolescence Development Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

  • Regulating salt intake and stress responses.
  • Facilitating the absorption of glucose into cells for energy or storage. (correct)
  • Converting glycogen back to sugar in response to low blood sugar.
  • Controlling blood sugar levels by increasing its use as energy.

    • Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

  • Cortisol and oxytocin
  • Estrogen and testosterone
  • Epinephrine and norepinephrine (correct)
  • Insulin and glucagon

    • What does homeostasis in the body ensure?

  • Maximization of physical performance at all times.
  • The absence of any mental health issues.
  • An increase in hormonal secretions during stress.
  • A balanced and complete response to internal and external changes. (correct)

    • Which factor contributes to individuals with mental health issues suffering in silence?

    <p>Fear of being misunderstood and judged by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of frustration according to the content?

    <p>Experiencing a blockage of desired goals leading to negativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary task of adolescents according to Erik Erikson?

    <p>To solve the identity crisis versus role confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learner type prefers to see information and visualize relationships?

    <p>Visual Learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Identity Status Theory, what characterizes Identity-Achievement?

    <p>Going through a crisis and committing to an identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Identity-Moratorium status characterized by?

    <p>Exploration of commitments without a clear choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence identity according to the provided content?

    <p>Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of learner enjoys reciting information out loud?

    <p>Auditory Learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statuses reflects a lack of commitment or choices?

    <p>Identity-Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which identity status do adolescents conform to the expectations of others regarding their futures?

    <p>Identity-Foreclosure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological or psychological response to internal or external stressors called?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stress is characterized by a positive effect?

    <p>Eustress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes eustress from distress?

    <p>Impact on well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of prolonged study and stress affecting academic performance?

    <p>Academic Burnout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system processes information and makes decisions?

    <p>Central Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the body acts like an information highway, transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body?

    <p>Spinal Cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method to cope with stress effectively?

    <p>Ignoring stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight of the human brain?

    <p>3 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'adolescence' signify?

    <p>The transition from childhood to adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social conformity primarily result from?

    <p>Perceptions about others' beliefs and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Physical Domain during adolescence?

    <p>Changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central task of adolescence?

    <p>Searching for personal, sexual, and occupational identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of mature individuals?

    <p>They learn from experience and accept criticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the imaginary audience concept refer to in adolescents?

    <p>The belief that others focus heavily on their appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is described as how individuals perceive their behaviors and unique characteristics?

    <p>Self-Concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes normative influence?

    <p>Avoiding punishments and seeking rewards through conforming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is announced by the Looking Glass Self concept?

    <p>Self-perception is influenced by how one believes others see them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the term 'Johari Window'?

    <p>A framework for public and private self-awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasize?

    <p>Learning through observation and modelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes emotional maturity during adolescence?

    <p>The capacity to give and receive affection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is part of the Big 5 Personality Traits model?

    <p>Openness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a maladaptive way during adolescence?

    <p>Participating in trouble and failing to accomplish set goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an adolescent's egocentricity according to David Elkind?

    <p>Focus on personal concerns and uniqueness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ningas-Kugon mentality refer to?

    <p>A tendency to start tasks but not see them through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adolescence

    • The word adolescence comes from the Latin word "adolescentem" which means "growing" or "near maturity."
    • It is a developmental stage of life that transitions from childhood to adulthood.
    • Ranges from 10 to 19 years of age.
    • Divided into three stages:
      • Early Adolescence: 11-14 years old
      • Middle Adolescence: 15-17 years old
      • Late Adolescence: 17-19 years old
    • A period of "storm and stress" marked by significant changes in physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development.

    Physical Development

    • Characterized by changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics.
    • A sudden rush of hormones can make this period complicated.

    Cognitive Development

    • Focuses on mental capabilities.
    • Includes the development of more complex thinking processes.

    Psychosocial Development

    • Involves emotional maturity, the ability to give and receive affection, and finding emotional satisfaction with loved ones.
    • Adolescents develop a sense of self-identity and sexual orientation.
    • Prepares them for potential parenthood.
    • Adolescents search for their personal, sexual, and occupational identities.
    • Maladaptive ways of coping involve engaging in trouble and not achieving goals.
    • This can lead to a crossroads where adolescents constantly face decisions to achieve their goals.

    Developmental Tasks

    • Skills, knowledge, functions, or attitudes individuals must acquire at various stages of life.

    Self-Concept

    • Proposed by Carl Rogers.
    • Refers to how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics.

    Self-Awareness

    • More malleable during adolescence due to self-discovery and identity formation.

    Ideal Self

    • The person we aspire to be.
    • Represents qualities and attributes we're working towards or desire to possess.

    Real Self

    • How we see ourselves at this moment in time.

    Looking Glass Self

    • By Charles Horton Cooley.
    • States that individuals form their self-view based on how they believe they appear to others.

    Johari Window

    • Created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955.
    • Divides the self into four quadrants:
      • Public Self: Shared openly with others.
      • Private Self: Kept hidden from others.

    VARK Learning Model

    • Developed by Neil Fleming.
    • Identifies four types of learners:
      • Visual Learners: Prefer seeing information and visualizing relationships between ideas.
      • Auditory Learners: Learn by reciting information out loud.
      • Reading/Writing Learners: Learn best by interacting with text.
      • Kinesthetic Learners: Need to move around to demonstrate or experience points (e.g., roleplaying).

    Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

    • A period of confusion about beliefs and acceptance.
    • Adolescents typically seek roles in the following areas:
      • Sexual Role
      • Ideological Role
      • Occupational Role

    Influences on Identity

    • Individuals are influenced by various factors:
      • Past Experiences
      • Society
      • Culture
      • Peers

    Erikson's Theory of Identity Crisis vs Role Confusion

    • Erik Erikson believed the main task of adolescence is to resolve the identity crisis versus role confusion.
    • Failure to establish a strong sense of identity can lead to identity confusion.

    Identity Status Theory

    • Refined and expanded upon Erikson's model by James Marcia.
    • Focuses on adolescent development.
    • Argues that identity is determined by choices and commitments made regarding personal and social traits.
    • Consists of two key components: crisis and commitment.
      • Crisis: Time of upheaval where old values or choices are reexamined.
      • Commitment: Decision made regarding a specific role or value.

    Identity Statuses

    • Identifies four identity states:
      • Identity-Diffusion: No sense of choices, no commitment or willingness to make one.
      • Identity-Foreclosure: Conforming to expectations of others, commitments made without exploration.
      • Identity-Moratorium: Exploring various commitments, ready to make choices but no commitment yet.
      • Identity-Achievement: Has gone through an identity crisis and made a commitment to a chosen sense of identity.

    Social Influence

    • The impact of others on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
    • Leads to adaptation and adherence to the opinions and behaviors of others.

    Social Conformity

    • Changes in beliefs, opinions, and behaviors due to perceptions of what others believe or do.

    Informational Influence

    • Changes in behavior to be correct.
    • Occurs when people look to better-informed individuals for guidance.

    Normative Influence

    • Stems from a desire to avoid punishments and gain rewards.
    • Examples include following class rules even if you disagree or behaving a certain way to be likeable.

    Mature Individuals

    • Learn from experiences, manage frustration effectively, accept constructive criticism, and embrace their identity.
    • Emotional maturity is crucial for a harmonious life.

    Immature Individuals

    • Selfish, lack independence, avoid responsibilities, and blame others for their mistakes.

    Adolescent Egocentricity

    • David Elkind (1967) expanded on Piaget's theory.
    • Physiological changes during adolescence make individuals primarily concerned with themselves.
    • Includes two phenomena:
      • Imaginary Audience: The belief that others are as concerned with their appearance as they are.
      • Personal Fable: The belief that they are unique, special, and invulnerable to harm.
    • Ningas-Kugon Mentality: A Filipino term that describes starting a task and suddenly stopping without finishing it.

    Functions of Family

    • Provides a secure base.
    • Influences choices that affect the adolescent's life.
    • Serves as a role model.

    Social Learning Theory

    • Albert Bandura's theory that emphasizes observation and modeling.
    • Suggests that most human behavior is learned through observation and imitation.
    • Real-world example: Children may act out aggressive behaviors they see in media.

    Temperament and Genetics

    • Adolescents are born with temperamental traits influenced by genes.

    The Big Five Personality Traits

    • By Robert McCrae and Paul Costa.
    • OCEAN:
      • Openness
      • Conscientiousness
      • Extraversion
      • Agreeableness
      • Neuroticism

    Self-Presentation

    • Adolescents may experience anxiety about how they present themselves.
    • They may complain about expectations for how they should project themselves.
    • Family and close relationships play a vital role in self-presentation development.

    Stress

    • Physiological or psychological response to internal or external stressors.
    • Influences how people feel and behave.

    Hans Selye's Contribution

    • "The Father of Stress"
    • Introduced the concepts of eustress and distress.
      • Eustress: Positive stress.
      • Distress: Negative stress.

    Stress and its Consequences

    • Can lead to burnout, anxiety, and depression.
    • Burnout: Extinction of motivation or incentive due to lack of desired results.
    • Academic Burnout: Negative emotional, physical, and mental reaction to prolonged study.

    Coping with Stress

    • Finding effective ways to manage stress is important.
    • Understanding the signs and stages of stress can help individuals take proactive steps to manage their stress levels.
    • Healthy coping mechanisms are not innate skills but can be developed.

    The Nervous System

    • Divided into two parts:
      • Central Nervous System:
        • Brain: Command center for processing information, decision-making, and memory storage.
        • Spinal Cord: Information highway connecting the brain to the rest of the body.
      • Peripheral Nervous System:
        • Nerves: Conduits carrying information to and from the central nervous system.
        • Ganglia: Information processing points.

    The Brain

    • Responsible for responding to and acting upon processed information.
    • Jelly-like consistency.
    • Average weight: 3 lbs or 1350 grams.
    • Protected by the skull.

    The Spinal Cord

    • Cylindrical structure that runs through the spine, from the brainstem to the low back.
    • Contains over 1 billion neurons.
    • Supported by over 120 muscles and 220 ligaments.
    • Lies inside the spinal column, composed of 33 bones called vertebrae.

    Adrenal Glands

    • Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which control salt intake, stress, and sexual development.

    Pancreas

    • Controls blood sugar levels by secreting insulin and glucagon.
      • Insulin: Regulates the use of sugar as energy or storage as glycogen.
      • Glucagon: Signals cells to convert glycogen back to sugar, preventing low blood sugar.

    Gonads

    • Ovaries in women and testes in men.
    • Secrete hormones that regulate sexual growth, activity, and reproduction.

    Homeostasis

    • Ensures a balanced and complete response to maintain internal stability.
    • Examples include:
      • Stress and danger response.
      • Blood Sugar Regulation.
      • Menstrual cycle for women.
      • Temperature regulation.

    Mental Health in the Philippines

    • Department of Health estimates 3.6 million Filipinos experience mental health issues.
    • Depression can lead to suicidal thoughts and behavior.
    • Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds.
    • The fear of being misunderstood and judged often keeps people experiencing mental health issues silent.

    Mental Health

    • Psychological state of an individual, encompassing both positive and negative emotions.

    Well-being

    • A state of happiness, contentment, low levels of distress, good physical and mental health, and a positive outlook.

    Frustration

    • A negative emotion that arises when a desired goal is blocked.

    Depression

    • A persistent and extreme feeling of loneliness.

    Anxiety

    • Irrational fear and worry towards something or a situation.

    Poor Performance

    • Inability to maximize one's potential.

    Self-Diagnosis

    • Can lead to incorrect perceptions.
    • People may feel something is wrong when it is actually a normal emotion.

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    Description

    Explore the developmental stages of adolescence, from early to late adolescence. This quiz covers physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur during this critical period. Test your knowledge on this transformational phase of life!

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