Adolescence and Puberty Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What primarily triggers the changes during puberty?

  • Sex hormones (correct)
  • Physical activity
  • Social interactions
  • Nutrients

Girls typically start puberty later than boys.

False (B)

What is the duration of the gestation period from fertilization to birth?

about 9 months or 40 weeks

The process by which a fertilized egg attaches to the uterus lining is called __________.

<p>implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the developmental stages with their descriptions:

<p>1 Week = Cells begin to specialize. 4 Weeks = Spine and brain begin forming; heart starts beating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes occurs in boys during puberty?

<p>Body becomes more muscular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emotional changes during adolescence can include feelings of moodiness.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a sperm cell meets an egg in the oviduct?

<p>fertilization occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a convex lens?

<p>To make light converge at a focal point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rods in the retina are responsible for detecting bright light and colors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the colorful band produced by the separation of light when it passes through a prism?

<p>Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The colors of the spectrum follow the order __________.

<p>ROYGBIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of the eye to their functions:

<p>Pupil = Controls the amount of light entering the eye Iris = Regulates pupil size Cornea = Focuses incoming light Retina = Contains photoreceptors for light detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lens causes light rays to diverge?

<p>Concave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The image formed by a pinhole camera is a virtual image.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light when it passes through a color filter?

<p>It absorbs all colors except for the color of the filter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the visible spectrum, __________ is the most refracted color.

<p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which colors are considered primary colors of light?

<p>Red, Green, Blue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color does red cabbage juice turn in an acidic solution?

<p>Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Litmus paper is less reliable than litmus solution.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a soluble base called?

<p>Alkali</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pH for ____ is 7.

<p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Acid = A substance that can donate protons Base = A substance that can accept protons Neutralisation = The reaction between an acid and a base pH scale = Measures the acidity or basicity of a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of neutralisation?

<p>Making homemade candles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Luminous objects emit their own light.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of incidence equal to?

<p>Angle of reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Light travels in ____ lines.

<p>straight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of lenses with their descriptions:

<p>Convex Lens = Converging lens that focuses light Concave Lens = Diverging lens that spreads light out Real Image = Can be projected on a screen Virtual Image = Cannot be projected on a screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blue litmus paper in an acidic solution?

<p>Turns Red (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Shadows are produced by light traveling through transparent materials.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focal point in a lens?

<p>The point where rays of light cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

The chemical reaction between an acid and a ____ is called neutralisation.

<p>base</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following light properties with their definitions:

<p>Reflection = Bouncing back of light from a surface Refraction = Bending of light as it passes through different media Incident Ray = The ray that hits a surface Reflected Ray = The ray that bounces off a surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the placenta?

<p>Nutrient exchange and barrier against infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the mother’s blood supply.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What develops first in the fetus?

<p>The spine, brain, and heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A seed needs ___, ___, and ___ to germinate.

<p>water, oxygen, warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following reproductive terms with their definitions:

<p>Fertilisation = The joining of a sperm and an egg cell Embryo = The developing organism after implantation Implantation = The attachment of the embryo to the uterus lining Gametes = Reproductive cells (sperm and egg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cilia play in the reproductive process?

<p>They assist in wafting the egg along the oviduct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can impact fetal brain development.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the umbilical cord?

<p>It connects the fetus to the placenta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma is called ___ .

<p>pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can lead to premature birth?

<p>Smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insect-pollinated plants are often dull in color and scentless.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two different ways pollen can be transferred?

<p>Wind or insects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a sperm cell meets an egg cell, ___ can happen.

<p>fertilisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of fetal development with their descriptions:

<p>9 Weeks = Movement begins and sense of touch develops 12 Weeks = Muscle use and practice breathing After Birth = Placenta is delivered Implantation = Embryo attaches to the uterus lining</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ovary after fertilisation?

<p>It develops into fruit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sperm cells can move by themselves to reach the egg cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

<p>To produce sperm cells and male hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During ovulation, an egg cell is released from the uterus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical property of an acid in terms of pH?

<p>Lower than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Semen is a mixture of sperm and _____ fluid.

<p>nutrient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each hormone with its role in the reproductive system:

<p>Testosterone = Promotes sperm production Estrogen = Regulates the menstrual cycle Progesterone = Prepares the uterus for pregnancy LH = Triggers ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are common methods of seed dispersal?

<p>Explosion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The contraceptive pill provides protection against sexually transmitted infections.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lining of the uterus if an egg is not fertilized?

<p>Begins to break down</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the tube that carries urine from the bladder and sperm from the sperm duct.

<p>urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following contraceptive methods with their descriptions:

<p>Condoms = Barrier method preventing sperm release The pill = Hormonal method preventing ovulation IUD = Device placed in the uterus to prevent implantation Withdrawal = Pulling out before ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of contraception?

<p>To prevent unwanted pregnancies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seeds are usually found outside of fruits.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common difficulty men may face related to sperm?

<p>Low sperm count</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a pH higher than 7 is known as an _____

<p>alkali</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

<p>Ovulation occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acids can react with other substances to form bases.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Adolescence

The period of physical and emotional changes that transform a child into an adult.

Puberty

The process of physical changes in the body that lead to sexual maturity.

Sex Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by the body that regulate various functions, including sexual development.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm cell and an egg cell, marking the beginning of a new human life.

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Implantation

The process of an embryo attaching to the lining of the uterus.

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Gestation

The period of time from fertilization to birth, approximately 9 months or 40 weeks.

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Ultrasound Scan

A medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the fetus in the womb.

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Development of a fetus

The development of a baby in the mother's womb starting from conception.

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Journey of Sperm Cells

The process where sperm cells travel from the vagina to the fallopian tube to reach the egg for fertilization.

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Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.

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Fertilization (Plants)

The joining of the male gamete (pollen) with the female gamete (ovule) to create a seed.

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Germination

The process of a seed starting to grow.

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Fertilization (Animals)

The process of a sperm cell joining with an egg cell to create a zygote.

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Sperm Cell

The male reproductive cell.

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Egg Cell

The female reproductive cell.

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Embryo

A ball of cells formed after fertilization that will develop into a baby.

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Cilia

Tiny hairs lining the oviduct that help move the egg towards the uterus.

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Ejaculation

The release of semen into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

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Sperm Duct

The structure that carries sperm from the testes to the penis.

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Oviduct

The structure that carries an egg from the ovary to the uterus.

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Testes

The organs that produce sperm.

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Ovaries

The organs that contain eggs.

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Vagina

The organ that receives sperm during sexual intercourse.

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Semen

Fluid containing sperm cells that is released during sexual intercourse.

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Urethra

A tube that can release urine or semen out of the body.

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Ovulation

The process of an egg cell being released from the ovary.

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Menstrual cycle

Monthly cycle in women involving the release of an egg cell from the ovary and preparation of the uterus for a possible pregnancy.

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Periods

The shedding of the lining of the uterus when a woman is not pregnant.

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Contraception

Methods used to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

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Condoms

A thin layer of latex rubber worn over the penis to prevent semen from entering a woman's vagina.

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Contraceptive pill

A pill containing hormones taken daily by women to prevent pregnancy.

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Acid

A chemical substance, usually liquid, containing hydrogen, which can react to form salts and has a pH value lower than 7.

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Alkali

A chemical substance with pH greater than 7, often feeling soapy, opposite to acids.

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Indicator

A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or alkali.

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pH scale

Scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

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Photoreceptors

Photosensitive cells in the eye that detect light. They are responsible for vision.

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Rods

Type of photoreceptor that detects dim light and movement. They are more sensitive to light than cones.

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Cones

Type of photoreceptor that detects bright light and color. They are responsible for color vision.

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Pupil

The opening in the eye that allows light to enter. It adjusts its size based on light levels.

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Iris

The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil. It helps regulate how much light enters the eye.

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Cornea

The transparent outer layer of the eye that protects it and bends light to help focus it on the retina.

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Pinhole Camera

A simple camera that uses a pinhole to focus light onto a screen. It works similarly to the human eye.

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Spectrum

A band of colors produced by splitting white light, like a rainbow, where each color is refracted differently.

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Dispersion

The process of separating different wavelengths of light, as seen when white light is split into a spectrum of colors by a prism.

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Colored Object

An object that appears colored because it absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects others.

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Base

A substance that neutralises an acid.

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pH

A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

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Universal indicator

A mixture of dyes that changes colour to show the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

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Neutralisation

The chemical reaction between an acid and an alkali.

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Salt

A substance formed in the reaction between an acid and a metal or a metal-containing compound.

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Incident ray

The ray of light that strikes a mirror.

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Reflected ray

The ray of light that bounces off a mirror.

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Normal

An imaginary line perpendicular to the mirror at the point where the incident ray hits.

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Angle of incidence

The angle between the incident ray and the normal.

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Angle of reflection

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

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Refraction

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

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Convex lens

A lens that converges light rays to a point.

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Concave lens

A lens that diverges light rays.

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Focal point

The point where light rays converge after passing through a convex lens.

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Study Notes

Adolescence

  • Adolescence is the transition from childhood to adulthood, marked by emotional and physical changes.
  • Emotional changes can include moodiness, anger, and fatigue, as well as experimentation with risky behaviors like alcohol.
  • Puberty, the physical changes, typically occurs between ages 9-14, with girls often starting earlier than boys.
  • Puberty's main changes relate to reproductive systems, allowing for future childbearing.
  • Sex hormones, chemical messengers in the bloodstream, trigger puberty.
  • Female hormones are produced in the ovaries; male hormones in the testes.
  • Physical changes during puberty include:
    • Hair growth in underarms and pubic areas for both sexes.
    • Height increase for both sexes
    • Increased body odor for both sexes
    • Emotional changes for both sexes
    • Breast development and vaginal hair growth for girls.
    • Egg cell production by the ovaries for girls.
    • Menstruation for girls
    • Hip widening for girls
    • Ovary production of female sex hormones for girls
    • Muscular development for boys
    • Penises and testes growth for boys
    • Sperm cell and male sex hormone production by testes for boys
    • Shoulder widening for boys
    • Deeper voice for boys
    • Hair growth on face, arms, legs, and underarms for boys.

Development of a Fetus

  • Fetal development follows a series of stages from fertilization to birth (approximately 9 months/40 weeks).
  • Fertilization: Sperm and egg nuclei unite to form a zygote.
  • Implantation: The zygote attaches to the uterus lining.
  • Ultrasound scans monitor growth, detect abnormalities, and check fetal position/health.
  • Sperm travel from the vagina to the fallopian tube to fertilize the egg.
  • Key fetal development stages include:
    • Week 1: Cell specialization begins
    • Week 4: Spine, brain, and heart begin formation.
    • Week 9: Movement, touch sensation, eye/ear development begin.
    • Week 12: Muscle activity (kicking, swallowing) and breathing practice begin
  • Key fetal support structures include:
    • Placenta: Facilitates nutrient transfer and acts as an infection barrier
    • Umbilical cord: Connects the fetus to the placenta
    • Amniotic fluid: Acts as a shock absorber to protect the fetus.
  • Factors affecting fetal development include smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use.
  • Birth process involves uterine contractions, umbilical cord cutting, and placenta delivery.

Fertilization and Germination

  • Pollination: Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma (for reproduction)
  • Pollen transfer methods include wind and insects.
  • Differences in pollen transfer methods include scent, nectar, color, and pollen grain structure (wind vs. insect pollination).
  • Plant reproduction involves pollen (male gamete) reaching the stigma and fertilizing the ovum (female gamete) in the ovary.
  • Pollination can be cross (different plants) or self-pollination (same plant).
  • Germination: Seed growth occurs when water, oxygen, and warmth satisfy the seed's needs.

Fertilization and Implantation

  • Fertilization: Union of sperm and egg nuclei.
  • Gametes: Sperm and egg cells (male & female reproductive cells) which combine together through fertilisation.
  • Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures in the oviducts that help move the egg towards the uterus.
  • Ejaculation: Release of semen into the vagina.
  • Implantation: Attachment of the fertilized egg to the uterine lining.
  • Stages of sperm's journey to the egg:
    • Sperm travel through vagina to uterus
    • Sperm then enter oviduct
    • Fertilization can occur if sperm meet egg
    • Fertilized egg divides to become embryo
    • Embryo attaches to uterine lining (implantation).
  • Infertility: Difficulties conceiving can result from low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or problems with egg release or fallopian tubes in either sex.

Reproductive Systems

  • Male reproductive system parts and function:
    • Testes: Produce sperm and hormones
    • Glands: Provide nutrients for sperm (semen)
    • Sperm ducts: Carry sperm to the penis
    • Urethra: Carries urine or semen out
    • Penis: Delivers semen during sexual intercourse.

Seed Dispersal

  • Seed dispersal: Seeds spread away from the parent plant to avoid competition.
  • Methods include:
    • Wind
    • Animals
    • Water
    • Exploding mechanisms

Menstrual Cycle

  • Menstruation: Monthly shedding of the uterine lining if pregnancy doesn't occur.
  • Menstrual cycle: Series of hormonal changes in the female reproductive system (approximately 28 days). -Stages in menstrual cycle: -Period starts (Day 1) -Bleeding ends (Day 5) -Uterus wall thickens (Days 5-13) -Egg matures (Days 5-13) -Ovulation (egg release) (Day 14) -Egg travels towards uterus (Days 14-16) -Uterus lining thickens and becomes spongy (Days 14-21) - Lining breaks down if no fertilization (Days 22-28), cycle starts again -Contraception methods help prevent pregnancy.

Acids and Alkalis

  • Acids taste sour, have pH < 7, and can be corrosive.
  • Alkalis feel soapy, have pH > 7, and can also be corrosive.
  • Corrosive solutions can cause burns or damage.
  • Indicators like litmus or universal indicator detect the acidity/alkalinity of a substance.
  • pH scale measures the acidity/alkalinity.

Neutralization

  • Neutralization: Chemical reaction between an acid and an alkali.
  • Bases neutralize acids.
  • Neutral pH is 7.
  • Neutralization examples in everyday life include antacids, soil treatment, and waste neutralization.

Making Salts

  • Salt formation: Result of combining an acid with a metal or metal compound.

Light

  • Luminous objects produce light; non-luminous objects reflect light.
  • Light travels in straight lines, causing shadows.
  • Reflection: Light bouncing off a surface
  • Plane mirrors create virtual, identical images (same distance).
  • Refraction: Light bending as it passes through different mediums.
  • Convex lenses converge light; concave lenses diverge light.
  • Real images can be projected onto surfaces; virtual images cannot.
  • The eye's structure is like a pinhole camera.

Reflection

  • Incident ray: Light ray hitting a surface.
  • Reflected ray: Light ray bouncing off a surface.
  • Normal: Imaginary line at 90° to the surface.
  • Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection

Refraction

  • Refraction: Light bending when passing between mediums.
  • Medium: Material light passes through.
  • Convex lens: Converges light
  • Concave lens: Diverges light

The Eye and the Camera

  • Eye structure function:
    • Retina: Light-sensitive tissue; contains rods (dim light/movement) and cones (bright light/color).
    • Pupil: Opening that controls light entering the eye
    • Iris: Muscle controlling pupil size
    • Cornea: Clear front part of the eye
  • Pinhole camera: Simplistic camera model to show how light produces an image.
  • Eye vs. Camera: Both create images, with the image forming on the retina (eye) vs the screen (camera).

Colors

  • White light is composed of different colors (ROY G BIV).
  • Dispersion: Separation of white light into its component colors by a prism.
  • Red light is least refracted; violet is most refracted.
  • Filters absorb certain colors and transmit others.
  • Objects reflect certain colors, which we perceive as their color.
  • Primary colors (red, green, blue) combined create tertiary colors (e.g., white).

Real and Virtual Images

  • Real vs. Virtual Images:
    • Real images can be projected on a screen; virtual images cannot.
    • Plane mirrors produce virtual images.
    • Convex/concave lenses produce both real and virtual images depending on object distance and lens properties.
  • Differences between prism, lenses, and plane mirrors; their actions including dispersion, refraction and reflection

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Test your knowledge on the significant changes that occur during adolescence, including emotional and physical developments. This quiz covers puberty, sex hormones, and the differences in maturation between boys and girls. Perfect for students studying human development or health education.

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