Administering Medication Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for placing medication under the tongue?

  • To avoid first-pass metabolism in the liver (correct)
  • To reduce the time for absorption
  • To administer a higher dose of medication
  • To enhance the taste of the medication

    • For buccal medications, where should the drug be placed for effective absorption?

  • Against the cheek (correct)
  • At the back of the throat
  • Against the roof of the mouth
  • Under the tongue

    • What is the purpose of crushing tablets or opening capsules for NGT administration?

  • It makes the medication easier to swallow
  • It enhances the flavor for the patient
  • It reduces the volume of the medication
  • It ensures proper absorption of the medication (correct)

    • What is an important action to take before instilling medication through a feeding tube?

    <p>Check placement of the feeding tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to remain with the client until all medication is swallowed or dissolved?

    <p>To ensure that the client receives the correct dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is taken after administering medications to reduce microorganism transfer?

    <p>Removal of gloves and disposal of soiled supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does documenting the administration of medication on the MAR prevent?

    <p>Costly medication errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates that the client has successfully understood their medication regimen?

    <p>The client can explain the purpose and schedule for taking the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the desired responses to medication as indicated in the context?

    <p>Regular heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula is used to calculate the final grade based on scores?

    <p>Raw Score / Total Score X 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the assessments before administering medication?

    <p>Assess the healthcare provider's credentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step should be taken to prevent errors in medication administration?

    <p>Check the client's eye and ear condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which expected outcome relates to the administration of medications?

    <p>The client will receive the right dose and route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to reassess the client before medication administration?

    <p>To prevent possible injury to the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed to prevent medication administration errors?

    <p>The 10 rights of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of not assessing a client's ear condition before medication administration?

    <p>Potential injury to the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for rolling up a plastic commercial container while instilling a fluid?

    <p>To prevent subsequent suctioning of the solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time frame is recommended for a patient to retain a cleansing enema?

    <p>5 to 10 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the patient remain lying down after the enema is instilled?

    <p>To promote better drainage and peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should a patient retain a retention enema before attempting to defecate?

    <p>At least 30 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is recommended after assisting the patient to defecate?

    <p>Raise the side rails of the bed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration when documenting the procedure?

    <p>The amount and consistency of the stool should be recorded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome indicates success after performing an enema procedure?

    <p>The patient verbalizes knowledge after the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to verify a doctor's order before proceeding with an enema?

    <p>To identify the right patient and equipment needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for verifying the physician's order before catheter insertion?

    <p>To prevent catheterization errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to determine any history of allergies to povidone-iodine or latex?

    <p>To avoid complications related to the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome regarding the comfort level of the catheter insertion?

    <p>Insertion should be performed without any discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are essential for maintaining sterility during the catheterization procedure?

    <p>Sterile gloves and a sterile urinary catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions helps provide privacy to the client during catheterization?

    <p>Using screens or curtains to prevent unnecessary exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to relieve bladder discomfort prior to catheterization?

    <p>Avoid inserting the catheter during meal times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does adequate lighting play in the catheterization process?

    <p>To ensure the nurse can see the perineal area clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be done to ensure effective organization before beginning catheterization?

    <p>Assemble all necessary materials beforehand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of draping the client appropriately during the procedure?

    <p>To provide privacy and establish a clean field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used for periurethral cleansing?

    <p>1-7-7 technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to discard used cotton balls after each downward stroke during cleansing?

    <p>To prevent the spread of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it necessary to don clean gloves during the procedure?

    <p>After cleansing the periurethral area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the cotton balls be soaked for periurethral cleansing?

    <p>With povidone iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anchorage' refer to in the context of preparing the syringe?

    <p>Ensuring the correct volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended direction for the first stroke during the 1-7-7 technique?

    <p>From the clitoris to the perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of disinfecting the rubber port of the vial before withdrawing solution?

    <p>To prevent contamination of the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Administering Medication

    • Place sublingual medication under the tongue and allow it to dissolve completely. This ensures that the drug is absorbed through the mucous membranes into the bloodstream. If swallowed, the drug may be destroyed by gastric juices.
    • Place buccal medication in the mouth against the cheek until it dissolves completely. This promotes local activity on mucous membranes.
    • Crush tablets or open capsules and dissolve the powder with 20-30 ml of warm water in a cup to allow medication administration via a nasogastric tube (NGT) or feeding tube. Ensure that the medication is absorbed and utilized correctly.
    • Remain with the client until each medication has been swallowed or dissolved to ensure the client receives the dose and does not save or discard it.
    • Assist the client into a comfortable position to maintain client comfort.
    • Remove gloves and dispose of soiled supplies to reduce the transfer of microorganisms.
    • Document the administration of medications on the MAR to prevent administration errors.
    • Clean the work area and wash hands to reduce the transmission of microorganisms.

    Administering Eye and Ear Medications

    • Assess the 10 rights of medications to prevent errors in medication administration.
    • Assess the client's eye and ear condition prior to every medication dose to prevent possibly injuring the client.
    • Assess the medication order for which part of the eye or ear to prevent error in medication administration.

    Administering Enemas

    • Roll up a plastic commercial container as the fluid is instilled to prevent subsequent suctioning of solution.
    • After the solution has been instilled or when the patient can no longer hold more and feels the desire to defecate, close the clamp and remove the enema tube from the anus. Place the enema tube in a disposable towel as you withdraw it.
    • Ask the patient to remain lying down since gravity promotes drainage and peristalsis. It is easier for the patient to retain the enema when lying down than sitting or standing.
    • Request the patient retain the solution for an appropriate amount of time (5-10 minutes for cleansing enema or at least 30 minutes for retention enema). This amount of time usually allows muscle contractions to become sufficient to produce good results and promotes comfort.
    • Assist the patient to defecate.
    • Assist the patient returned to bed and raise side rails afterwards.
    • Document the amount and type of enema solution used; amount, consistency, and color of stool.
    • Verify doctor's orders and gather equipment to identify the right patient and conserve energy and time.

    Administering Urinary Catheterization

    • Inspect the urinary meatus' condition and determine any allergies to povidone-iodine or latex to determine any history of difficulty and avoid potential complications of catheterization.
    • The catheter will be inserted with minimal discomfort. Insertion should not be performed immediately before (possible loss of appetite) or after eating (will induce vomiting).
    • The client's bladder will be emptied without complication, relieving bladder discomfort, distention, gradual decompression and emptying.
    • The nurse will maintain sterility throughout the procedure to prevent ascending infection to the kidneys.

    Urinary Catheterization Materials

    • Screen or curtains
    • Drape sheet
    • Clean gloves
    • Cotton balls soaked with povidone-iodine
    • Underpad
    • Droplight or penlight
    • Sterile gloves
    • Sterile urinary catheter (straight or indwelling of appropriate size)
    • Water-soluble lubricant
    • Urine bag
    • Bandage scissors
    • Adhesive tape (Leucoplast)
    • 10 cc syringe
    • Normal saline solution (NSS) or sterile water
    • Alcohol swab
    • 2% Xylocaine gel (optional)
    • Sterile fenestrated drape (optional)
    • Sterile Gloves

    Urinary Catheterization Procedure

    • Verify physician’s order to prevent catheterization error.
    • Identify the client. Introduce yourself. Explain the procedure to promote cooperation.
    • Assemble all the materials needed to facilitate the performance of the task.
    • Provide privacy by using curtains or a screen to prevent unnecessary exposure.
    • Position the droplight to ensure adequate lighting of the perineal area. (dorsal recumbent position) Good lighting is necessary for visualization of the area to facilitate insertion of the catheter.
    • Drape the client appropriately, exposing only the vulva to provide privacy and establish a clean field.
    • Open the sterile gloves. Set aside the inner wrapper and use the outer wrapper for the cotton balls soaked with povidone iodine.
    • Don clean gloves to prevent transfer of microorganisms.
    • Spread the labia with the non-dominant hand while the other hand cleanses the periurethral mucosa with cotton balls soaked with povidone iodine from anterior to posterior portion, discarding used cotton balls after each downward stroke.
    • Use the 1-7-7 technique in perineal care to prevent the transfer of microorganisms. The first stroke should start from the clitoris down to the perineum. The second stroke should be done on the distal side of the vulva by moving the cotton balls according to the figure 7 starting from the mons veneris going to the labia in inner-to-outer motion. The third stroke should be done on the proximal side following the same technique.
    • Remove clean gloves and wash hands to prevent the transfer of microorganisms.
    • Take the 10 cc syringe from its wrapper and prepare the appropriate volume for anchorage. Apply technique of withdrawing solution from a vial. Open and disinfect the rubber port of NSS vial with an alcohol swab.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the proper techniques for administering various types of medications, including sublingual and buccal routes, as well as preparations for nasogastric tube administration. Understand the importance of patient comfort and proper documentation in medication management.

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