30 Questions
What is an example of a naturally occurring drug extracted directly from the coca plant?
Cocaine
Which drug is considered semisynthetic, chemically derived from a naturally occurring substance?
Heroin
Where is opium extracted from?
Ripe seed pods of the opium poppy
Which drug is entirely synthetic, made from start to finish in the laboratory?
LSD
What is the source of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?
Grain ergot fungus
In terms of drug categorization, what distinguishes semisynthetic drugs?
They are chemically derived from naturally occurring substances
What is a common characteristic of opium, heroin, and methadone in terms of their mechanism of action?
They all target opioid receptors in the brain.
How do opium, heroin, and methadone differ despite acting on opioid receptors?
In their chemical structures
Which type of drugs excite the central nervous system and increase alertness?
Stimulants
What function do endogenous opioids circulating in the nervous system primarily serve?
Regulating respiration
How do exogenous compounds differ from endogenous opioids?
Exogenous compounds are drugs originating outside the human body.
Why is it significant that certain opioid drugs may bind to different types of opioid receptors?
It can lead to varying biological and psychological effects.
How does Disulfiram work in the body for alcohol use disorder?
By blocking aldehyde dehydrogenase
What is the main reason for using Disulfiram in alcohol use disorder treatment?
To prevent individuals from drinking alcohol
Why is compliance with Disulfiram treatment often problematic?
The effects are unpleasant
What is the impact of sex differences on alcohol metabolism?
Women may have lower levels of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase than men
How do chronic drinkers adapt metabolically to alcohol consumption?
By increasing levels of alcohol dehydrogenase
What effect does age have on alcohol metabolism?
Older individuals have reduced liver function
How does first-pass metabolism in the liver affect drugs?
Breaks down drugs into simpler compounds
Which organ primarily excretes metabolized drugs from the body?
Kidney
What is a common excretion product of drugs besides urine?
Bile
Which enzyme metabolizes alcohol into acetaldehyde?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
What happens if acetaldehyde accumulates in the body?
Causes a person to feel sick
Why do IV injections prevent patients from caring for themselves independently?
They require training to administer
What is a key characteristic of a partial agonist when compared to a full agonist?
Produces a response less than a full agonist
What is the role of inverse agonists in relation to receptors with substantial endogenous activity?
Reduce the spontaneous activity of receptors
What is the result of administering both full and partial agonists simultaneously?
They compete for the same receptor binding site
What happens if an individual develops tolerance to a drug?
The drug becomes less efficacious
How does the law of mass action describe the maximum effect of a drug on the body?
Maximum effect is achieved when the drug is continuously bound to all receptors
What change might occur if an individual is repeatedly administered a specific dose of an agonist drug?
The effects of the drug might change
This quiz covers topics such as administering IV injections, the training required, and drug metabolism involving first-pass metabolism in the liver. Test your knowledge on how drugs are inactivated and metabolized in the body.
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