Administering IV Injections and Drug Metabolism Quiz

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What is an example of a naturally occurring drug extracted directly from the coca plant?

Methadone

Heroin

Cocaine (correct)

LSD

Which drug is considered semisynthetic, chemically derived from a naturally occurring substance?

Amphetamine

Heroin (correct)

MDMA

Methadone

Where is opium extracted from?

Leaves of the coca plant

Laboratory synthesis

Grain ergot fungus

Ripe seed pods of the opium poppy (correct)

Which drug is entirely synthetic, made from start to finish in the laboratory?

LSD Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?

Grain ergot fungus Signup and view all the answers

In terms of drug categorization, what distinguishes semisynthetic drugs?

They are chemically derived from naturally occurring substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of opium, heroin, and methadone in terms of their mechanism of action?

They all target opioid receptors in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

How do opium, heroin, and methadone differ despite acting on opioid receptors?

In their chemical structures Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs excite the central nervous system and increase alertness?

Stimulants Signup and view all the answers

What function do endogenous opioids circulating in the nervous system primarily serve?

Regulating respiration Signup and view all the answers

How do exogenous compounds differ from endogenous opioids?

Exogenous compounds are drugs originating outside the human body. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that certain opioid drugs may bind to different types of opioid receptors?

It can lead to varying biological and psychological effects. Signup and view all the answers

How does Disulfiram work in the body for alcohol use disorder?

By blocking aldehyde dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using Disulfiram in alcohol use disorder treatment?

To prevent individuals from drinking alcohol Signup and view all the answers

Why is compliance with Disulfiram treatment often problematic?

The effects are unpleasant Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of sex differences on alcohol metabolism?

Women may have lower levels of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase than men Signup and view all the answers

How do chronic drinkers adapt metabolically to alcohol consumption?

By increasing levels of alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What effect does age have on alcohol metabolism?

Older individuals have reduced liver function Signup and view all the answers

How does first-pass metabolism in the liver affect drugs?

Breaks down drugs into simpler compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which organ primarily excretes metabolized drugs from the body?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is a common excretion product of drugs besides urine?

Bile Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme metabolizes alcohol into acetaldehyde?

Alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What happens if acetaldehyde accumulates in the body?

Causes a person to feel sick Signup and view all the answers

Why do IV injections prevent patients from caring for themselves independently?

They require training to administer Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a partial agonist when compared to a full agonist?

Produces a response less than a full agonist Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inverse agonists in relation to receptors with substantial endogenous activity?

Reduce the spontaneous activity of receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of administering both full and partial agonists simultaneously?

They compete for the same receptor binding site Signup and view all the answers

What happens if an individual develops tolerance to a drug?

The drug becomes less efficacious Signup and view all the answers

How does the law of mass action describe the maximum effect of a drug on the body?

Maximum effect is achieved when the drug is continuously bound to all receptors Signup and view all the answers

What change might occur if an individual is repeatedly administered a specific dose of an agonist drug?

The effects of the drug might change Signup and view all the answers