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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Adler's theory of individual psychology is internally consistent.
Adler's theory of individual psychology is internally consistent.
True (A)
The concept of 'style of life' in Adler's theory is easy to falsify and verify empirically.
The concept of 'style of life' in Adler's theory is easy to falsify and verify empirically.
False (B)
Adler's theory lacks clear operational definitions for some of its key concepts.
Adler's theory lacks clear operational definitions for some of its key concepts.
True (A)
Adler's theory has been applied in providing guidance to psychotherapists, teachers, and parents.
Adler's theory has been applied in providing guidance to psychotherapists, teachers, and parents.
Adler's theory focuses on understanding abnormal development and psychopathology.
Adler's theory focuses on understanding abnormal development and psychopathology.
The concept of 'safeguarding tendencies' is central to Adler's theory of individual psychology.
The concept of 'safeguarding tendencies' is central to Adler's theory of individual psychology.
According to Adler's theory, the tendency to not move in any direction and avoid all sense of responsibility is called 'withdrawal'.
According to Adler's theory, the tendency to not move in any direction and avoid all sense of responsibility is called 'withdrawal'.
Adler believed that a person's early recollections are inconsistent with their style of life and present final goals.
Adler believed that a person's early recollections are inconsistent with their style of life and present final goals.
Adler's theory of individual psychology emphasizes the importance of social interest and cooperation.
Adler's theory of individual psychology emphasizes the importance of social interest and cooperation.
According to Adler, dreams can foretell the future and provide a single definitive interpretation of a person's psyche.
According to Adler, dreams can foretell the future and provide a single definitive interpretation of a person's psyche.
Adler believed that the psychic life of women is essentially different from that of men.
Adler believed that the psychic life of women is essentially different from that of men.
Adler's theory of the 'masculine protest' suggests that men are inherently superior to women.
Adler's theory of the 'masculine protest' suggests that men are inherently superior to women.
People are born with physical deficiencies according to Adlerian theory.
People are born with physical deficiencies according to Adlerian theory.
Healthy individuals in Adlerian theory strive for personal superiority.
Healthy individuals in Adlerian theory strive for personal superiority.
Adler's concept of safeguarding tendencies includes defense mechanisms like aggression and withdrawal.
Adler's concept of safeguarding tendencies includes defense mechanisms like aggression and withdrawal.
Individuals with a pampered style of life in Adlerian theory lack social interest.
Individuals with a pampered style of life in Adlerian theory lack social interest.
Adler's theory emphasizes the importance of objective truths over subjective perceptions of reality.
Adler's theory emphasizes the importance of objective truths over subjective perceptions of reality.
According to Adlerian theory, psychologically unhealthy individuals strive for personal superiority.
According to Adlerian theory, psychologically unhealthy individuals strive for personal superiority.
The final goal in Adlerian theory compensates individuals for feelings of superiority.
The final goal in Adlerian theory compensates individuals for feelings of superiority.
Individuals with a neglected style of life in Adlerian theory feel wanted and loved.
Individuals with a neglected style of life in Adlerian theory feel wanted and loved.
Adler emphasizes the importance of social interest as the ultimate standard for psychological health.
Adler emphasizes the importance of social interest as the ultimate standard for psychological health.
In Adlerian theory, safeguarding tendencies protect deflated self-images rather than inflated self-images.
In Adlerian theory, safeguarding tendencies protect deflated self-images rather than inflated self-images.
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Adlerian Theory
- Adlerian theory is an antithesis to Freud's classical psychoanalytic theory
- The theory emphasizes social interest, and the ultimate standard for psychological health is to strive for success or superiority
- The main tenets of Adlerian theory include:
- One dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority
- People's subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality
- People strive for either personal superiority or success for all humanity
Social Interest
- Social interest is the feeling of oneness with all humanity, implying membership in the social community for all people
- Social interest is not equal to charity and unselfishness; it's expressed through action, cooperation, personal courage, and a willingness to make a contribution to the welfare of another person
- Social interest is the gauge used to judge a person's worth; it's the sole criterion of human values
Style of Life
- Style of life is the flavor of a person's life, including their goal, self-concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world
- Style of life is not narrow or rigid; it's diverse and flexible
- People have the creative power to create their own style of life
Creative Power
- Creative power is the freedom to create one's own style of life
- Within certain limits, creative power provides people with the freedom to become either psychologically healthy or unhealthy and to live either a useful or useless style of life
Maladjustment
- Maladjustment is due to underdeveloped social interest
- Neurotics tend to set unrealistic and impractical goals, live in their own private world, and are overly concerned with themselves
External Factors in Maladjustment
- Exaggerated physical deficiencies must be accompanied by accentuated feelings of inferiority to produce maladjustment
- Pampered people feel unloved and unwanted, and neglected people feel unwanted and unloved
Safeguarding Tendencies
- Safeguarding tendencies are used to hide an inflated self-image from public disgrace and maintain one's current style of life
- Safeguarding tendencies can be expressed in three forms: depreciation, accusation, and excuses
Aggression
- Aggression is used to protect an exaggerated superiority complex and fragile self-esteem
- Aggression takes three forms: depreciation, accusation, and excuses
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