Adherence and Activation Events in Inflammation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of basophils in hypersensitivity reactions?

  • Releasing heparin and histamine to reduce inflammation
  • Mediating the inflammatory functions of leukocytes
  • Enhancing vascular permeability (correct)
  • Increasing smooth muscle spasm
  • When does degranulation of basophils occur?

  • During smooth muscle spasm
  • When the blood vessels dilate
  • When an antigen binds to two adjacent IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells (correct)
  • After leukotrienes are released
  • What is the main function of leukotrienes in the context of inflammatory reactions?

  • Activating basophils
  • Increasing vascular permeability
  • Enhancing granulocyte function (correct)
  • Mediating smooth muscle spasm
  • What role do basophils play in vasodilation?

    <p>Promoting blood vessel dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release the contents of basophilic granules during hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the sequence of events that make up adherence?

    <p>Capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step involves eosinophils killing parasites?

    <p>Engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the 'slow rolling' step of the adherence sequence?

    <p>Leukocytes move in a position close to the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency is characteristic of Gaucher's disease?

    <p>B-glucocerebrosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do leukocytes eventually internalize pathogens during engulfment?

    <p>By forming phagocytic vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lipid accumulates in mononuclear phagocytes in Niemann-Pick disease?

    <p>Sphingomyelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event involves pseudopodia being extended around the pathogen?

    <p>Engulfment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life expectancy for individuals with Niemann-Pick disease?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of 'rolling' in the adherence sequence?

    <p>To move leukocytes close to the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the similar characteristic between Pick's cell and Gaucher's cell?

    <p>Foamy cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug causes demargination of neutrophils from the peripheral vasculature?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature of skin infections is noted in individuals with Niemann-Pick disease?

    <p>Pus formation lacking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do primitive red blood cells first form?

    <p>In the islets of the yolk sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which month of gestation does the liver become the major site of hematopoiesis?

    <p>Second month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do granular leukocytes first appear?

    <p>During the second month of gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue arises from the mesoderm germ layer?

    <p>Mesenchymal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces the yolk sac as the site of blood cell development?

    <p>Liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ predominantly supports blood cell development from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life?

    <p>Liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily responsible for providing the required energy during digestion?

    <p>Anaerobic glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of granules contain enzymes like lysozyme and myeloperoxidase?

    <p>Primary granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process where neutrophils release antibacterial substances from granules?

    <p>Granulation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme promotes bactericidal activity by increasing membrane permeability?

    <p>Lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes?

    <p>NADPH oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What receptors enhance phagocytic activity by binding to the Fc portion of IgG and C3?

    <p>Opsonin receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardinal sign of inflammation that involves redness?

    <p>Rubor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine converts normal resting macrophages into activated macrophages?

    <p>(IFN-y) interferon-gamma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Reticuloendothelial System' is now known as?

    <p>'Mononuclear Phagocyte System'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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