32 Questions
What is the primary role of basophils in hypersensitivity reactions?
Enhancing vascular permeability
When does degranulation of basophils occur?
When an antigen binds to two adjacent IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells
What is the main function of leukotrienes in the context of inflammatory reactions?
Enhancing granulocyte function
What role do basophils play in vasodilation?
Promoting blood vessel dilation
Which cells release the contents of basophilic granules during hypersensitivity reactions?
Mast cells
What is the first step in the sequence of events that make up adherence?
Capture
Which step involves eosinophils killing parasites?
Engulfment
What happens during the 'slow rolling' step of the adherence sequence?
Leukocytes move in a position close to the endothelium
Which enzyme deficiency is characteristic of Gaucher's disease?
B-glucocerebrosidase
How do leukocytes eventually internalize pathogens during engulfment?
By forming phagocytic vacuoles
What lipid accumulates in mononuclear phagocytes in Niemann-Pick disease?
Sphingomyelin
Which event involves pseudopodia being extended around the pathogen?
Engulfment
What is the average life expectancy for individuals with Niemann-Pick disease?
5 years
What is the main purpose of 'rolling' in the adherence sequence?
To move leukocytes close to the endothelium
What is the similar characteristic between Pick's cell and Gaucher's cell?
Foamy cytoplasm
Which drug causes demargination of neutrophils from the peripheral vasculature?
Epinephrine
What common feature of skin infections is noted in individuals with Niemann-Pick disease?
Pus formation lacking
Where do primitive red blood cells first form?
In the islets of the yolk sac
During which month of gestation does the liver become the major site of hematopoiesis?
Second month
When do granular leukocytes first appear?
During the second month of gestation
Which tissue arises from the mesoderm germ layer?
Mesenchymal tissue
What replaces the yolk sac as the site of blood cell development?
Liver and spleen
Which organ predominantly supports blood cell development from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life?
Liver and spleen
What is primarily responsible for providing the required energy during digestion?
Anaerobic glycolysis
What type of granules contain enzymes like lysozyme and myeloperoxidase?
Primary granules
What is the process where neutrophils release antibacterial substances from granules?
Granulation process
Which enzyme promotes bactericidal activity by increasing membrane permeability?
Lysozyme
What enzyme is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes?
NADPH oxidase
What receptors enhance phagocytic activity by binding to the Fc portion of IgG and C3?
Opsonin receptors
What is the cardinal sign of inflammation that involves redness?
Rubor
Which cytokine converts normal resting macrophages into activated macrophages?
(IFN-y) interferon-gamma
'Reticuloendothelial System' is now known as?
'Mononuclear Phagocyte System'
Learn about the sequence of adhesion and activation events that occur during inflammation, culminating in the cell exerting its effects at the inflamed site. Explore the five steps involved: capture, rolling, slow rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration.
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