ADHD

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Questions and Answers

What is the prevalence of ADHD in school-aged children?

5-8% (correct)
2-5%
10-15%
15-20%

What is the ratio of boys to girls with ADHD in clinical settings?

2:1
9:1 (correct)
5:1
1:1

Which specialist should conduct the evaluation for ADHD to avoid overdiagnosis?

Pediatric neurologist (correct)
School counselor
General practitioner
Psychologist

What are the essential features of ADHD?

Inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with ADHD have symptoms persisting into adulthood?

60-80% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons why children may be mistakenly diagnosed with ADHD?

Psychosocial stressors at home and inadequate parenting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are some disorders or situations that may look similar to ADHD?

Bipolar disorder and behavioral acting out in response to family stress (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to understand the child’s thoughts and feelings in therapeutic play?

Creative play (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SNAPIV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale?

To identify mental health concerns (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can early detection and successful intervention lead to in mental health promotion?

Improved long-term outcomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What led to parental concerns about the safety of immunizations?

A fraudulent publication on vaccine-induced autism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common comorbidity of ADHD?

Substance use/abuse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does therapeutic play focus on?

Understanding the child’s thoughts and feelings (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a technique used to release energy in play therapy?

Pounding pegs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SNAP-IV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale?

To assess mental health concerns (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential reason for parents' reluctance to have children evaluated for developmental delays?

Fear of stigmatization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of ADHD in infants?

Fussiness and poor sleeping patterns (D) Signup and view all the answers

When are symptoms of ADHD usually identified and diagnosed?

When the child begins preschool or school (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD continue to have problems in adolescence?

60% to 85% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely responsible factor for the causes of ADHD?

Heredity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What increases the likelihood of ADHD according to the text?

Prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, lead, and severe malnutrition (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do brain images of people with ADHD suggest?

Decreased metabolism in the frontal lobes and frontal cortical atrophy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common coexisting psychiatric diagnosis in adults with ADHD?

Social phobia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely genetic link for ADHD?

Abnormalities in catecholamine and possibly serotonin metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

How much does having a first-degree relative with ADHD increase the risk of the disorder?

Four to five times more than the general population (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are rating scales like Child Behavior Checklist and ADHD-FX used for in children with ADHD?

To determine problem areas and competencies (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective approach for treating ADHD?

Combination of pharmacotherapy, behavioral, psychosocial, and educational interventions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Do medications alone guarantee improved academic performance or social success for children with ADHD?

No, medications alone do not guarantee improved academic performance or social success (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to help children with ADHD succeed at home and school?

Behavioral and environmental strategies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are effective parenting strategies for children with ADHD?

Consistent rewards and consequences, praise, time-out, verbal reprimands, daily report cards, and point systems for behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

ADHD: Genetic Link, Clinical Vignette, and Treatment Considerations

A study showed decreased glucose use in the frontal lobes of parents of children with ADHD who had ADHD themselves
Genetic link for ADHD most likely associated with abnormalities in catecholamine and possibly serotonin metabolism
Having a first-degree relative with ADHD increases the risk of the disorder by four to five times more than the general population
Despite strong evidence supporting a genetic contribution, there are sporadic cases of ADHD with no family history
Clinical vignette describes a child with ADHD exhibiting typical behavior patterns
Rating scales like Child Behavior Checklist and ADHD-FX are used to determine problem areas and competencies in children with ADHD
Parental beliefs about causes and treatments of ADHD may influence compliance with prescribed treatments
No single treatment has been found effective for ADHD; combination of pharmacotherapy, behavioral, psychosocial, and educational interventions is most effective
Goals of treatment involve managing symptoms, reducing hyperactivity and impulsivity, and increasing attention in children with ADHD
Medications alone do not guarantee improved academic performance or social success for children with ADHD
Behavioral and environmental strategies at home and school are necessary to help children with ADHD succeed
Effective parenting strategies for children with ADHD include consistent rewards and consequences, praise, time-out, verbal reprimands, daily report cards, and point systems for behavior