Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why are adenovirus infections particularly common in children attending daycare or school?
Why are adenovirus infections particularly common in children attending daycare or school?
- Children have inherently weaker immune systems compared to adults.
- Vaccination rates against adenoviruses are lower in children than in adults.
- Close proximity and frequent contact with surfaces facilitate transmission. (correct)
- Adenoviruses are more virulent in younger populations due to genetic factors.
What is the primary mechanism by which adenoviruses cause disease within the host?
What is the primary mechanism by which adenoviruses cause disease within the host?
- Replicating within epithelial cells, leading to cell lysis and inflammation. (correct)
- Releasing toxins that disrupt cellular function.
- Suppressing the host's immune response, allowing for secondary infections.
- Inducing an autoimmune response targeting infected cells.
A patient presents with red, watery eyes and photophobia, alongside a fever and sore throat. Which clinical syndrome is most likely associated with these symptoms?
A patient presents with red, watery eyes and photophobia, alongside a fever and sore throat. Which clinical syndrome is most likely associated with these symptoms?
- Adenoviral pneumonia
- Adenoviral gastroenteritis
- Pharyngoconjunctival fever (correct)
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Which diagnostic method is best suited for rapid and specific identification of adenovirus in a clinical sample?
Which diagnostic method is best suited for rapid and specific identification of adenovirus in a clinical sample?
Why are antibiotics generally not prescribed as a primary treatment for adenovirus infections?
Why are antibiotics generally not prescribed as a primary treatment for adenovirus infections?
What is the most effective measure to prevent the spread of adenovirus infections in community settings?
What is the most effective measure to prevent the spread of adenovirus infections in community settings?
Which of the following complications is most likely to arise from adenoviral gastroenteritis, especially in young children?
Which of the following complications is most likely to arise from adenoviral gastroenteritis, especially in young children?
In what specific situation might antiviral therapy (e.g., cidofovir or brincidofovir) be considered for an adenovirus infection?
In what specific situation might antiviral therapy (e.g., cidofovir or brincidofovir) be considered for an adenovirus infection?
A chest X-ray of a patient with an adenovirus infection reveals interstitial infiltrates. Which condition does this finding suggest?
A chest X-ray of a patient with an adenovirus infection reveals interstitial infiltrates. Which condition does this finding suggest?
What is the primary reason live attenuated adenovirus vaccines are primarily used in military personnel?
What is the primary reason live attenuated adenovirus vaccines are primarily used in military personnel?
Why can adenovirus infections sometimes be mistaken for streptococcal pharyngitis?
Why can adenovirus infections sometimes be mistaken for streptococcal pharyngitis?
What characteristic of adenovirus contributes most significantly to its ability to spread easily?
What characteristic of adenovirus contributes most significantly to its ability to spread easily?
Which serotypes of adenovirus are most commonly associated with causing gastroenteritis?
Which serotypes of adenovirus are most commonly associated with causing gastroenteritis?
What is the rationale behind using saline eye drops in the symptomatic relief of adenoviral conjunctivitis?
What is the rationale behind using saline eye drops in the symptomatic relief of adenoviral conjunctivitis?
In a patient suspected of having adenoviral pneumonia, which of the following would be the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?
In a patient suspected of having adenoviral pneumonia, which of the following would be the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?
What is the significance of identifying the specific serotype of adenovirus in a clinical setting?
What is the significance of identifying the specific serotype of adenovirus in a clinical setting?
Which of these is NOT a typical route of transmission for adenoviruses?
Which of these is NOT a typical route of transmission for adenoviruses?
What underlying characteristic increases the risk of severe systemic adenovirus infection?
What underlying characteristic increases the risk of severe systemic adenovirus infection?
Which of the following best describes the primary target of adenovirus infection in the body?
Which of the following best describes the primary target of adenovirus infection in the body?
What is the most likely long-term complication stemming from persistent adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis?
What is the most likely long-term complication stemming from persistent adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis?
Flashcards
Adenoviruses
Adenoviruses
Non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses; at least 57 human serotypes exist.
Adenovirus Transmission
Adenovirus Transmission
Respiratory droplets, fecal-oral route, direct contact with contaminated surfaces.
Adenovirus Pathogenesis
Adenovirus Pathogenesis
Infection of epithelial cells, leading to cell lysis, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Adenovirus Respiratory Infection Symptoms
Adenovirus Respiratory Infection Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Conjunctivitis Symptoms
Adenovirus Conjunctivitis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Gastroenteritis Symptoms
Adenovirus Gastroenteritis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Diagnosis
Adenovirus Diagnosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Treatment
Adenovirus Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Prevention
Adenovirus Prevention
Signup and view all the flashcards
Adenovirus Complications
Adenovirus Complications
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- Adenovirus infections come from adenoviruses, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses.
- At least 57 human adenovirus serotypes classified into seven species (A–G) exist.
Transmission
- Respiratory droplets.
- Fecal-oral route.
- Direct contact or contaminated surfaces.
- Adenovirus is common in children, particularly in daycare or school settings.
Pathogenesis
- Adenoviruses infect epithelial cells of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or conjunctival mucosa.
- Replication leads to cell lysis, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
- Certain serotypes are associated with specific clinical syndromes such as pharyngoconjunctival fever, keratoconjunctivitis, or gastroenteritis.
Symptoms
- Symptoms vary depending on serotype and site of infection.
Respiratory infection
- Fever, sore throat, cough, and nasal congestion occur.
- May mimic streptococcal pharyngitis or influenza.
Conjunctivitis
- Red, watery eyes, photophobia.
- Associated with pharyngoconjunctival fever.
Gastroenteritis
- Diarrhea (watery), vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Commonly caused by serotypes 40 and 41.
Systemic infections
- Rare, but may occur in immunocompromised individuals, presenting with pneumonia, hepatitis, or encephalitis.
Diagnosis
Clinical Diagnosis
- Clinical diagnosis is based on presenting symptoms and exposure history.
Laboratory tests
- PCR for adenovirus DNA from respiratory, stool, or conjunctival swabs.
- Viral culture (takes longer but confirms diagnosis).
- Rapid antigen detection tests.
Imaging (for respiratory infections)
- Chest X-ray may show interstitial infiltrates in adenoviral pneumonia.
Treatment
Supportive care
- Antipyretics for fever.
- Hydration for diarrhea or dehydration.
- Symptomatic relief for conjunctivitis (e.g., saline eye drops).
Antiviral therapy
- Considered in severe or systemic infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients (e.g., cidofovir or brincidofovir).
- Antibiotics only if there is a secondary bacterial infection.
Prevention
- Frequent handwashing and good hygiene are key.
- Avoid sharing personal items (e.g., towels, utensils).
- Ensure adequate disinfection of surfaces.
- Live attenuated adenovirus vaccines are available for military personnel in some countries.
Complications
Respiratory
- Bronchiolitis, pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can occur.
Gastrointestinal
- Severe dehydration is a possible complication.
Neurological
- Meningitis or encephalitis can occur in rare cases.
Ocular
- Persistent keratoconjunctivitis can lead to vision issues.
- Severe systemic disease in immunocompromised individuals, with high mortality.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
