Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following mechanisms contributes to adenovirus-induced intestinal obstruction in cases of intussusception among children?
Which of the following mechanisms contributes to adenovirus-induced intestinal obstruction in cases of intussusception among children?
- Secretion of enterotoxins by adenovirus, disrupting electrolyte balance and causing intestinal edema.
- Direct viral invasion of the intestinal smooth muscle, causing paralysis and subsequent telescoping.
- Inflammation and hypertrophy of Peyer's patches in the ileum, leading to obstruction. (correct)
- Formation of viral-induced biofilms within the intestinal lumen, physically blocking the passage of intestinal contents.
What is the primary significance of the fiber protrusions located at each of the 12 vertices on the adenovirus icosahedral nucleocapsid?
What is the primary significance of the fiber protrusions located at each of the 12 vertices on the adenovirus icosahedral nucleocapsid?
- They facilitate viral genome replication by binding to host cell DNA polymerase.
- They mediate attachment to host cells and exhibit hemagglutinin activity. (correct)
- They promote the assembly of new viral particles by interacting with capsid proteins.
- They enable the virus to evade detection by the host's immune system through antigenic variation.
Given that adenovirus can establish latency in adenoidal and tonsillar tissues, what is the most likely long-term implication of this characteristic?
Given that adenovirus can establish latency in adenoidal and tonsillar tissues, what is the most likely long-term implication of this characteristic?
- Increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections due to immune suppression.
- Development of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, due to persistent viral presence.
- Lifelong immunity to all adenovirus serotypes following initial infection.
- Potential for viral reactivation and shedding, leading to recurrent infections or transmission. (correct)
How does the non-enveloped structure of adenovirus contribute to its transmission and persistence in the environment?
How does the non-enveloped structure of adenovirus contribute to its transmission and persistence in the environment?
Why are live, nonattenuated adenovirus vaccines administered specifically to military personnel, and what are the potential risks associated with this vaccination strategy?
Why are live, nonattenuated adenovirus vaccines administered specifically to military personnel, and what are the potential risks associated with this vaccination strategy?
What is the most likely explanation for the observation that adenovirus infections, typically associated with respiratory and ocular manifestations, can also lead to musculoskeletal disorders in some individuals?
What is the most likely explanation for the observation that adenovirus infections, typically associated with respiratory and ocular manifestations, can also lead to musculoskeletal disorders in some individuals?
A researcher is investigating the tropism of a novel adenovirus serotype. Which cellular receptor characteristic would most likely determine the virus's ability to infect respiratory epithelial cells?
A researcher is investigating the tropism of a novel adenovirus serotype. Which cellular receptor characteristic would most likely determine the virus's ability to infect respiratory epithelial cells?
How does adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis typically manifest, and what underlying mechanism contributes to this specific pathology?
How does adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis typically manifest, and what underlying mechanism contributes to this specific pathology?
What is the rationale behind using cidofovir and ribavirin in immunocompromised patients with severe adenovirus infections, considering that no specific antivirals are available for adenovirus?
What is the rationale behind using cidofovir and ribavirin in immunocompromised patients with severe adenovirus infections, considering that no specific antivirals are available for adenovirus?
Which diagnostic approach would be most effective to differentiate between an adenovirus-related lower respiratory tract infection and a bacterial pneumonia in a young child?
Which diagnostic approach would be most effective to differentiate between an adenovirus-related lower respiratory tract infection and a bacterial pneumonia in a young child?
Flashcards
Adenovirus Pharyngitis
Adenovirus Pharyngitis
A common viral infection causing cold-like symptoms and sore throat.
Adenovirus Keratoconjunctivitis
Adenovirus Keratoconjunctivitis
Inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, often causing redness and discomfort in the eyes.
Intussusception
Intussusception
Condition where part of intestine telescopes into another, leading to obstruction.
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder causing bleeding.
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Adenovirus Aerosol Spread
Adenovirus Aerosol Spread
Transmission via respiratory droplets produced by coughing or sneezing.
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Adenovirus Fecal-Oral Spread
Adenovirus Fecal-Oral Spread
Transmission via contact with contaminated surfaces or materials including fecal matter.
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Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
Pharyngoconjunctival Fever
Illness with pink eye & pharynx inflammation in older children.
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Adenovirus Fiber Protrusions
Adenovirus Fiber Protrusions
These allow for organ attachment and act as hemagglutinin.
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Adenovirus Conjunctiva Transmission
Adenovirus Conjunctiva Transmission
Caused by direct contact exposure of the eye.
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Adenovirus Latency
Adenovirus Latency
The virus lies dormant in adenoidal and tonsillar tissues.
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- Adenovirus causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, keratoconjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, intussusception, and hemorrhagic cystitis.
- It is non-enveloped with a double-stranded linear DNA genome, and has an icosahedral nucleocapsid.
- There are 41 antigenic types of adenovirus.
- Fiber protrusions at vertices facilitate organ attachment and act as hemagglutinin.
- Transmission occurs through aerosol droplets, fecal-oral routes (especially in children), direct conjunctiva inoculation, and contaminated water sources like ponds or poorly chlorinated pools.
- Industrial workers face adenovirus as an occupational hazard.
- Adenovirus is endemic worldwide and more common in close living conditions.
- It infects the mucosal epithelium of the respiratory tract, conjunctiva, and GI tract
- Infection leads to the death of infected epithelial cells.
- The virus can remain latent in adenoidal and tonsillar tissues.
- Adenovirus primarily affects children, with adults being less commonly infected.
- In children younger than three years old, it causes acute febrile pharyngitis (mild, flu-like symptoms for 3 - 5 days).
- Older children may develop pharyngoconjunctival fever (pink eye and pharynx inflammation).
- Adenovirus can cause pertussis-like illness, croup, musculoskeletal disorders, genital and skin infections, and hepatitis in immunocompromised patients.
- Diagnosis involves virus isolation in cell culture and a fourfold increase in antibody serology titer via complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition.
- Treatment is mainly supportive since there are no antivirals. Cidofovir and ribavirin may be used for immunocompromised patients.
- Prevention includes live, nonattenuated vaccines for military members.
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