Adenovirus
54 Questions
5 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of virus is Adenovirus?

  • Enveloped ssDNA virus
  • Non-enveloped ssRNA virus
  • Non-enveloped dsDNA virus (correct)
  • Enveloped ssRNA virus

Which of the following conditions is the common hallmark of adenovirus?

  • Tonsillitis and bronchitis
  • Conjunctivitis and tonsillitis (correct)
  • Conjunctivitis and pneumonia
  • Sinusitis and meningitis

Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Adenovirus infection?

  • Pharyngitis
  • Bronchitis
  • Meningitis (correct)
  • Conjunctivitis

What is the recommended treatment for Adenovirus infection?

<p>Rest and cold medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Adenovirus primarily transmitted?

<p>Airborne droplets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following preventive measures is recommended to reduce the risk of adenovirus transmission?

<p>Avoidance of exposure and diligent hand hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If adenovirus infection progresses to pneumonia, what treatment option may be considered?

<p>Antivirals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route is NOT involved in the transmission of adenovirus?

<p>Vector-borne transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic method for detecting adenovirus infections?

<p>Chest X-ray (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary genetic material of coronaviruses?

<p>Enveloped ssRNA virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the severe symptoms associated with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19?

<p>Fever of 39 degrees Celsius or above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended prevention step for avoiding exposure to coronaviruses?

<p>Using antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosing coronaviruses?

<p>RT-PCR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19?

<p>Self-isolation or quarantine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for coronaviruses?

<p>Rest and regular cold medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of SARS?

<p>High fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes COVID-19?

<p>SARS-CoV-2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is MERS primarily transmitted?

<p>Close contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended infection control measure for COVID-19?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary route of transmission for rhinoviruses?

<p>Respiratory route (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of common colds are caused by rhinoviruses?

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for rhinovirus infections?

<p>2-3 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of rhinoviruses?

<p>Non-enveloped ssRNA virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with rhinovirus infections?

<p>High fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age group does respiratory syncytial virus infection tend to be severe?

<p>Very young children (&lt;1 year old) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)?

<p>Respiratory route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is primarily responsible for which respiratory conditions in infants?

<p>Bronchiolitis and pneumonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment approach for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection?

<p>Supportive care (e.g., supplemental oxygen, airway suctioning) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specific preventive intervention is available for high-risk infants to prevent severe RSV illness?

<p>Palivizumab (monthly IM injections) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do respiratory syncytial virus infections typically peak in terms of seasonal occurrence?

<p>Winter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical features is commonly associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection?

<p>Persistent cough with a seal bark sound, worse at night (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for influenza?

<p>Inhalation of respiratory droplets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following age groups is most susceptible to severe clinical disease caused by influenza?

<p>Elderly individuals and immunocompromised individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with influenza?

<p>Vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why doesn't the influenza vaccine confer protection for longer than a year?

<p>The influenza virus evolves and changes constantly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a preventive measure recommended for influenza?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of orthomyxoviruses?

<p>Enveloped ssRNA virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment approach for influenza?

<p>Antivirals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can influenza be prevented through vaccination?

<p>By targeting specific strains of influenza virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influenza viruses is capable of causing pandemics and epidemics?

<p>Influenza A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influenza viruses has the highest severity?

<p>Influenza A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Influenza B primarily infects which host?

<p>Humans only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which influenza virus has subtypes divided based on H & N proteins?

<p>Influenza A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are antigenic changes observed in Influenza B categorized?

<p>Drift only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus is associated with sporadic spread?

<p>Influenza C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus can undergo antigenic shift and potentially lead to pandemics?

<p>Influenza A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to create a new vaccine each year to prevent influenza illness?

<p>Influenza virus has a high mutation rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism responsible for the need to create a new influenza vaccine each year?

<p>Antigenic drift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type(s) of influenza virus can undergo antigenic drift?

<p>Both Influenza A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature of the influenza genome allows for the occurrence of antigenic shift?

<p>Segmented RNA genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about antigenic drift in influenza A?

<p>It is caused by minor changes from random point mutations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift in influenza A?

<p>Antigenic shift results in new H and N proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how often does antigenic shift occur in influenza A?

<p>Every 10-20 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with more localized outbreaks?

<p>Antigenic drift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What type of virus is Adenovirus?

A non-enveloped virus with a double-stranded DNA genome.

Hallmark of Adenovirus infection

Conjunctivitis and tonsillitis are commonly observed in adenovirus infections.

Clinical feature NOT associated with Adenovirus

Adenovirus infections typically do not cause meningitis, a serious infection of the brain and its surrounding membranes.

Treatment for Adenovirus

Rest and cold medications are the primary treatment options for adenovirus infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission of Adenovirus

Adenovirus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Preventive measures for Adenovirus

Avoiding close contact with infected individuals and practicing diligent hand hygiene are crucial for preventing adenovirus transmission.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment of Adenovirus pneumonia

If adenovirus infection progresses to pneumonia, antiviral medications might be considered.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission route NOT associated with Adenovirus

Adenovirus is not transmitted through vectors like insects or animals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diagnostic method NOT used for Adenovirus

Chest X-ray is not a diagnostic method for detecting adenovirus infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic material of Coronaviruses

Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Severe symptoms of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19

High fever (39 degrees Celsius or above) is a hallmark symptom of severe coronaviral infections like SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prevention step NOT recommended for Coronaviruses

Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, including coronaviruses.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diagnostic method for Coronaviruses

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the primary method for diagnosing coronaviral infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19

Self-isolation or quarantine is crucial for controlling the spread of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment approach for Coronaviruses

Rest and regular cold medications are the primary treatment approach for coronaviral infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symptom of SARS

High fever is a prominent symptom associated with SARS, a severe respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Virus causing COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2, a type of coronavirus, is responsible for causing COVID-19.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission of MERS

MERS is primarily transmitted through close contact with infected individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infection control measure for COVID-19

All of the above measures, including hand hygiene, mask use, social distancing, and vaccination, are crucial for infection control of COVID-19.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission route for Rhinoviruses

Rhinoviruses are primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, mainly through respiratory droplets.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rhinoviruses and the common cold

Rhinoviruses are responsible for approximately 80% of common colds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incubation period of Rhinovirus

The incubation period for rhinovirus infections is typically 2-3 days.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic material of Rhinoviruses

Rhinoviruses are non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symptom NOT associated with Rhinovirus

High fever is not a typical symptom of rhinovirus infections, which usually cause milder symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Age group with severe RSV infection

RSV infections tend to be particularly severe in very young children under one year of age.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission of RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route via droplets or direct contact.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Respiratory illnesses caused by RSV

RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment for RSV

The primary treatment approach for RSV infections is supportive care, such as supplemental oxygen or airway suctioning, to manage symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Preventive intervention for RSV

Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody, is administered monthly as an injection to high-risk infants to prevent severe RSV illness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seasonal occurrence of RSV

RSV infections typically peak during the winter months.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical feature of RSV

A persistent cough with a seal bark sound, especially worse at night, is a common clinical feature associated with RSV infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Transmission of influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of respiratory droplets expelled by infected individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Susceptible age group for influenza

Elderly individuals and immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk for developing severe complications from influenza.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symptom NOT associated with influenza

While fever is a common symptom, vomiting is not typically associated with influenza infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reason for annual influenza vaccine

The influenza virus constantly evolves and changes, which is why the flu vaccine provides protection for only a year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Preventive measures for influenza

Getting the flu vaccine, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding contact with infected individuals are all recommended preventive measures for influenza.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic material of Orthomyxoviruses

Orthomyxoviruses, the viruses that cause influenza, are enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Treatment for influenza

Antiviral medications are the main treatment approach for influenza infections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mechanism of influenza vaccine

Influenza vaccines provide protection by targeting specific strains of the influenza virus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influenza virus causing pandemics

Influenza A is the type of influenza virus that can cause pandemics and epidemics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most severe influenza virus sub-type

Influenza A is generally considered the influenza virus with the highest severity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Host for Influenza B

Influenza B primarily infects only humans.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subtypes of influenza A

Influenza A viruses are further divided into subtypes based on the presence of specific proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antigenic changes in Influenza B

Antigenic changes observed in Influenza B are categorized as drift only.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influenza virus associated with sporadic spread

Influenza C is a type of influenza virus associated with sporadic spread, meaning it doesn't cause widespread outbreaks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influenza virus that can undergo antigenic shift

Influenza A viruses have the unique ability to undergo antigenic shift, which can lead to new pandemic strains.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reason for annual influenza vaccine

The influenza virus has a high mutation rate, which necessitates the creation of a new vaccine annually to ensure effectiveness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mechanism for annual influenza vaccine

Antigenic drift, the accumulation of small mutations in the influenza virus, is the main mechanism responsible for the need for a new vaccine each year.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Influenza viruses that undergo antigenic drift

Both influenza A and B viruses can undergo antigenic drift, a gradual accumulation of mutations in their genetic material.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Feature of influenza genome allowing antigenic shift

Influenza viruses have a segmented RNA genome, which allows different segments of the genome to mix and reassort, resulting in antigenic shift.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser