Addiction: Types and Prevalence

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Questions and Answers

Which personality trait is typically associated with increased risk of gambling addiction according to Slutske et al (2005)?

Agreeableness

Conscientiousness

Openness to Experience

Neuroticism (correct)

What is a common characteristic of individuals with substance-related addictive disorders, as indicated in the study findings?

Reduced risk-taking behavior

Decreased stress reactivity

Increased Neuroticism (correct)

Increased Conscientiousness

Which brain area is primarily affected by chronic substance abuse, leading to increased impulsivity?

Prefrontal Cortex (correct)

Cerebellum

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Which personality changes may occur as a result of addiction, according to the notions of 'addictive personality'?

Increased risk-taking Signup and view all the answers

What relationship is suggested between personality and the onset of addiction in the findings by Slutske et al (2005)?

Certain personality traits can predict addiction risk. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of addiction on personality as highlighted in this research?

Erosion of self-monitoring abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of the Prefrontal Cortex's functions that are impacted by addiction?

Creativity enhancement Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings, how do personality traits contribute to co-morbidity in addictions?

They can exacerbate the severity of co-existing addictive disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Which substance addiction was found to have a similar personality profile to gambling addiction?

Alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What significant change in brain function is linked to addiction-related dopamine pathways?

Increased craving Signup and view all the answers

Which Big Five personality trait is generally found to be lower in individuals with addiction disorders according to the findings?

Extraversion Signup and view all the answers

What personality characteristic was consistently associated with all types of addiction examined in Dash et al. (2019)?

High Impulsivity Signup and view all the answers

In the context of addiction, how is Neuroticism primarily defined?

A tendency to experience negative emotions and distress Signup and view all the answers

Which gender was reported to have a higher likelihood of nicotine dependence related to personality traits?

Males Signup and view all the answers

What did Elkins et al. (2006) identify as a factor influencing substance use disorders in young adulthood?

Negative Emotionality Signup and view all the answers

What significant personality trait decrease was specifically noted for individuals with cannabis use according to the study?

Extraversion Signup and view all the answers

What socioeconomic factor was found relevant in relation to gambling addiction?

Increased income Signup and view all the answers

What co-morbidity rate did Dash et al. (2019) find among the assessed individuals?

54% Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of traits was commonly found to be low among individuals with all four types of addictions studied?

Agreeableness and Conscientiousness Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality was highlighted as a predictive factor of addiction in longitudinal studies?

Personality traits assessed in early adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with higher smoking frequency according to the meta-analysis by Malouff et al. (2006)?

Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main problems identified with the concept of an 'addictive personality'?

It suggests that addiction can only occur in certain personality types. Signup and view all the answers

According to Terracciano & Costa's 2004 study, which group showed no significant personality differences?

Current smokers vs former smokers Signup and view all the answers

What relationship did Malouff et al. (2007) find between agreeableness and alcohol involvement?

Lower agreeableness is associated with increased alcohol abuse. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Zilberman et al. (2018) specifically assess in relation to personality profiles of addiction?

Impulsiveness Signup and view all the answers

What has early research suggested about personality traits and addiction proneness?

Personality traits play a minimal role in addiction vulnerability. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misconception about addiction and personality?

All individuals with certain personality traits will become addicts. Signup and view all the answers

What factor does research indicate is not a defining characteristic of addiction in individuals?

Psychological strengths Signup and view all the answers

According to Gendreau & Gendreau (1970), what was the finding regarding personality differences between addicts and non-addicts?

Personality did not significantly differ between the groups. Signup and view all the answers

How do changes in the brain due to addiction typically affect personality according to the content?

They can diminish personality stability and control. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between personality traits and addiction?

Certain personality traits can increase vulnerability to addictive behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and opioids?

Substance use disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of behavioral addictions?

They involve compulsive behaviors despite negative consequences. Signup and view all the answers

Co-morbidity in addiction refers to which of the following?

The presence of multiple addictions at the same time. Signup and view all the answers

How can addiction potentially influence personality?

It may cause changes that lead to more rigid and less adaptable behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which Big Five personality trait is often seen as a predictor of addiction?

Neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

The DSM-5 categorizes gambling disorder under which specific type of addiction?

Behavioral addiction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the addictive personality hypothesis?

It suggests specific traits can be responsible for all types of addiction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the brain's reward system in relation to addiction?

Addiction results in significant changes in the brain's reward circuitry. Signup and view all the answers

How might turning to substitute addictions occur?

As a response to difficulties experienced during withdrawal from a primary addiction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Addiction: Types, Prevalence, and Personality

Addiction is categorized as a disorder of the brain's reward system.
Approximately 1 in 20 Australians experience substance abuse or addiction.
Tobacco and alcohol are the most prevalent forms of addiction.
Addiction is classified into two categories: substance addiction and behavioral addiction.

Substance Addiction

Substance use disorders in the DSM-5 involve a collection of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms.
These symptoms indicate a person's continuous substance use despite significant substance-related issues.
Examples of substances include alcohol, tobacco, opioids, stimulants, sedatives, and cannabis.

Behavioral Addiction

Behavioral addictions are non-substance-related disorders characterized by a compulsive engagement in an activity or behavior.
This behavior persists despite a negative impact on the person's mental and/or physical health.
It also impacts their ability to function effectively at home and in the community.
Gambling disorder is recognized in the DSM-5.
Other potential examples include activities like exercise, shopping, taking selfies, and excessive internet use.

The "Addictive Personality"

The "addictive personality" is a commonly discussed concept.
It is often referred to as a personality type that increases susceptibility to both substance and behavioral addictions.
This personality configuration is thought to contribute to:
- Increased development of multiple addictions.
- Difficulty with addiction withdrawal.
- Increased reliance on substitute addictions.

Personality & Addiction: Research Findings

Research indicates that no single set of personality characteristics accounts for all types of addiction.
Certain personality traits, however, are associated with increased risk for specific addictions.
These traits include high levels of Neuroticism and Impulsivity, and lower levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.

Personality and Substance Use: Specific Examples

A meta-analysis of smoking studies linked increased Neuroticism, and decreased Agreeableness and Conscientiousness to smoking behavior.
A meta-analysis of alcohol use studies found similar patterns with increased Neuroticism and decreased Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.

Addiction and Personality Change

Some research suggests that addiction can lead to changes in personality.
These changes may include increases in Neuroticism, Impulsivity, and decreases in Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness.
The extent of these changes may differ based on the specific addiction.
Chronic substance abuse is associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction.
This dysfunction impacts planning, attention, emotional regulation, and self-control.
Addiction can lead to increased impulsivity and stress reactivity, and impaired self-monitoring, and emotional regulation.
Further research is necessary to understand the complex interplay between personality, substance use, addiction, and brain changes.

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Description

Explore the different types of addiction, including substance and behavioral forms. Understand the prevalence of addiction in society and its effects on individuals. This quiz delves into the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological aspects of addiction.