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Questions and Answers
What is substance abuse defined as?
What is substance abuse defined as?
What is an example of behavioral addiction?
What is an example of behavioral addiction?
What occurs when a person stops using a substance or engaging in a behavior they are physically dependent on?
What occurs when a person stops using a substance or engaging in a behavior they are physically dependent on?
What is the term for the body's physical adaptation to the presence of a substance?
What is the term for the body's physical adaptation to the presence of a substance?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where the body adapts to the presence of a substance, requiring more of it to achieve the same effect?
What is the term for the phenomenon where the body adapts to the presence of a substance, requiring more of it to achieve the same effect?
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What is the term for the group of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or reduces their intake?
What is the term for the group of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or reduces their intake?
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What is a risk factor in the development of addiction?
What is a risk factor in the development of addiction?
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What is the term for the phenomenon where environmental cues trigger cravings and relapse?
What is the term for the phenomenon where environmental cues trigger cravings and relapse?
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What is the primary characteristic of psychological dependence?
What is the primary characteristic of psychological dependence?
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What is the consequence of increased tolerance to a substance?
What is the consequence of increased tolerance to a substance?
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What is the duration of withdrawal syndrome?
What is the duration of withdrawal syndrome?
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What is a psychological risk factor in the development of addiction?
What is a psychological risk factor in the development of addiction?
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How does nicotine stimulate addiction?
How does nicotine stimulate addiction?
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What is the primary consequence of cue reactivity?
What is the primary consequence of cue reactivity?
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What is the biological risk factor in the development of addiction?
What is the biological risk factor in the development of addiction?
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What is the result of rapid absorption of nicotine?
What is the result of rapid absorption of nicotine?
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What is the outcome of brain adaptation to nicotine?
What is the outcome of brain adaptation to nicotine?
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What is an example of an environmental cue that triggers craving?
What is an example of an environmental cue that triggers craving?
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Study Notes
Substance Abuse
- Refers to the harmful pattern of using substances, such as drugs or alcohol, in a way that affects a person's daily life
- Can lead to addiction, health problems, and social and economic issues
- Examples of substances commonly abused:
- Opioids (e.g., heroin, prescription painkillers)
- Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines)
- Depressants (e.g., alcohol, benzodiazepines)
- Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, PCP)
Behavioral Addiction
- Refers to a pattern of behavior that is compulsive and continues despite negative consequences
- Examples of behavioral addictions:
- Gambling addiction
- Internet addiction
- Sex addiction
- Food addiction
- Exercise addiction
Withdrawal
- A set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or engaging in a behavior they are physically dependent on
- Symptoms can be physical (e.g., tremors, nausea) or psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression)
Dependence
- Physical dependence: the body adapts to the presence of a substance and experiences withdrawal symptoms when it is stopped
- Psychological dependence: a person feels they need the substance to cope with daily life
- Dependence can lead to addiction
Psychological and Physiological Dependence
- Psychological dependence: a person's emotional reliance on a substance or behavior
- Physiological dependence: the body's physical adaptation to the substance, leading to withdrawal symptoms when stopped
Tolerance
- A phenomenon where the body adapts to the presence of a substance, requiring more of it to achieve the same effect
- Can lead to increased substance use and addiction
Withdrawal Syndrome
- A group of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or reduces their intake
- Symptoms can be severe and even life-threatening
Risk Factors in the Development of Addiction
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental factors (e.g., peer pressure, availability of substances)
- Mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety)
- Trauma and stress
Explanations for Nicotine Addiction
- Nicotine activates the brain's reward system, releasing feel-good chemicals like dopamine
- Nicotine can also stimulate the release of other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine
- The combination of these effects can lead to addiction
Cue Reactivity
- A phenomenon where environmental cues (e.g., people, places, things) associated with substance use trigger cravings and relapse
- Cue reactivity is a major obstacle to overcoming addiction
- Treatment strategies often focus on managing cues and developing coping skills to prevent relapse
Substance Abuse
- Substance abuse refers to the harmful pattern of using substances, such as drugs or alcohol, in a way that affects a person's daily life
- Leads to addiction, health problems, and social and economic issues
- Examples of substances commonly abused include opioids, stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens
Behavioral Addiction
- Behavioral addiction refers to a pattern of behavior that is compulsive and continues despite negative consequences
- Examples of behavioral addictions include gambling, internet, sex, food, and exercise addiction
Withdrawal and Dependence
- Withdrawal refers to a set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or engaging in a behavior they are physically dependent on
- Symptoms can be physical (e.g., tremors, nausea) or psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression)
- Physical dependence: the body adapts to the presence of a substance and experiences withdrawal symptoms when it is stopped
- Psychological dependence: a person feels they need the substance to cope with daily life
- Dependence can lead to addiction
Tolerance and Withdrawal Syndrome
- Tolerance: a phenomenon where the body adapts to the presence of a substance, requiring more of it to achieve the same effect
- Can lead to increased substance use and addiction
- Withdrawal syndrome: a group of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or reduces their intake
- Symptoms can be severe and even life-threatening
Risk Factors and Addiction
- Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, mental health conditions, and trauma and stress are risk factors in the development of addiction
- Nicotine addiction is caused by nicotine activating the brain's reward system, releasing feel-good chemicals like dopamine, and stimulating the release of other neurotransmitters
Cue Reactivity and Overcoming Addiction
- Cue reactivity: a phenomenon where environmental cues associated with substance use trigger cravings and relapse
- Cue reactivity is a major obstacle to overcoming addiction
- Treatment strategies often focus on managing cues and developing coping skills to prevent relapse
Addictions
Dependence
- Psychological dependence is an emotional need for a substance, leading to compulsive behavior
- Physiological dependence is a physical need for a substance, leading to withdrawal symptoms when stopped
Tolerance
- Tolerance is needing increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect
- Repeated exposure to the substance and body's adaptation to the substance cause tolerance
- Consequences of tolerance include increased risk of overdose and greater physical dependence
Withdrawal Syndrome
- Withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance or reduces the dose
- Symptoms include physical (e.g., tremors, seizures) and psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) effects
- Duration of withdrawal syndrome varies depending on the substance and individual
Risk Factors
- Biological risk factors include genetic predisposition and brain chemistry
- Environmental risk factors include family history, peer influence, and availability of substances
- Psychological risk factors include mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety) and trauma
Nicotine Addiction
- Nicotine stimulates dopamine release, leading to feelings of pleasure
- Nicotine is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to rapid effects
- Repeated exposure to nicotine leads to changes in brain chemistry, increasing dependence
Cue Reactivity
- Cue reactivity is a response to environmental cues associated with substance use
- Examples of cues include seeing a pack of cigarettes, smelling smoke, and being in a location where substance use occurred
- Consequences of cue reactivity include craving and relapse
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Description
Learn about the harmful patterns of substance abuse, its effects, and examples of commonly abused substances. Also, discover behavioral addiction and its implications.
