Adaptive Immunity and Antigens Quiz

<p>MHC class I molecules are expressed on almost all nucleated cells in the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymorphism (A), Polygeny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Present antigens to CD4+ T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HLA-D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complement proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule with a large, repetitive structure that can directly activate B-cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind to and present peptide antigens to T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influencing the strength and nature of the immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their requirement for T-cell help (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in the MHC genes between donor and recipient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small size (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epitope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TCRs recognize both linear and conformational epitopes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance the immune response to the antigen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell-mediated immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunogens can initiate an immune response while antigens cannot. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding to a carrier molecule, such as a protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immune system not attacking the body's own tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internalization into endosomes followed by proteolytic degradation and peptide loading onto MHC class II molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are produced by the proteasome from cytosolic proteins and loaded onto MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NKT cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>γδ T cells are not MHC restricted, meaning they can recognize antigens without MHC presentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleic acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dendritic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10-30 amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late endosomes and lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteasome degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activating complement cascade (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molecules recognized as 'nonself' trigger an immune response; 'self' molecules do not.

Immunogens are more effective when large; small molecules (<10,000 Da) are weakly immunogenic.

Immunogenicity increases with structural complexity; heteropolymers are more immunogenic than homopolymers.

Different strains of animals may react differently to the same antigen due to genetic variance in immune genes.

Immunogenic response depends on dosage, route, and timing of antigen administration.

Activate B-cells without T-cell help; generate IgM only, with no memory response.

Require T-cell assistance; generate various immunoglobulin classes and elicit memory response.

Genetic locus coding for molecules that present peptide antigens to T cells; crucial for immune recognition.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I molecules present cytosolic peptides to CD8+ T cells.

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II molecules present exogenous peptides to CD4+ T cells.

The process of breaking down antigens for presentation by MHC molecules.

Membrane-bound structures that internalize exogenous antigens into APCs.

A protein complex that degrades cytosolic proteins to generate peptides for MHC Class I.

The process by which T-cells are stimulated to respond to antigens presented by MHC molecules.

Natural Killer T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules.

A unique population of T cells that recognize non-peptide antigens and are not MHC restricted.

Non-classical MHC-like molecules that present lipids to NKT cells.

Sites on MHC molecules where processed peptides bind for T cell recognition.

Major Histocompatibility Complex, important for immune response.

Proteins encoded by HLA-A, -B, and -C genes found on most nucleated cells.

Proteins encoded by HLA-D region, mainly found on APCs like macrophages.

Presence of several loci encoding similar MHC proteins.

Multiple alleles at each MHC locus, increasing diversity.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize Class I MHC molecules.

Helper T cells that recognize Class II MHC molecules.

Two types of responses: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, that eliminate different microbes.

A substance that can induce an immune response; usually a protein or carbohydrate.

A molecule recognized by antibodies or TCR, triggering a specific immune response.

The specific part of an antigen that is recognized by an antibody or TCR.

An epitope formed by a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.

An epitope formed by the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

Small molecules that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a carrier protein.

Substances that enhance the immune response to an antigen by prolonging its presence.

The immune system's ability to ignore self-antigens and prevent autoimmune responses.

Aspects like foreignness, size, complexity, genetic makeup, and dosage impacting immune response.