Adaptive Immune Response Quiz

This type of immunity is acquired through exposure to a foreign antigen, causing the host to develop its own antibodies and immune cells.

This immunity involves receiving antibodies from an external source, such as a mother to her child through breastmilk, without the body actively producing them.

The immune system's initial response to a specific antigen exposure. This response is slower and less robust than the subsequent responses.

This response is much faster and more powerful than the primary one, thanks to the presence of memory cells from previous encounters with the same antigen.

The ability of the adaptive immune system to remember past encounters with specific antigens, leading to faster and stronger responses upon subsequent exposures.

These cells originate in bone marrow and mature in the thymus. They are responsible for recognizing and destroying infected and cancerous cells.

They express specific receptors called TCRs and can differentiate into various subsets, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

A type of T lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses by suppressing other T cells.

They express CD4 and are generated when exposed to TGF-β. They help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune reactions.

A type of T lymphocyte that directly attacks and destroys infected or cancerous cells. They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

They express CD8 and release toxic substances like perforin and granzymes to kill target cells.

This type of immune response is directed at pathogens that are present outside of cells. It relies on B cells to produce antibodies that can neutralize or eliminate these pathogens.

This type of immune response targets pathogens that have infected cells. It relies on T cells to directly destroy infected cells and prevent the spread of infection.

The process where cells of the adaptive immune system (like T cells) interact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate an immune response. This involves the presentation of a specific antigen peptide by the MHC complex on the APC to the TCR on the T cell.

White blood cells that engulf and destroy pathogens. These cells can also present processed antigens to T cells.

A receptor on the surface of T cells that recognizes specific antigens displayed by MHC molecules on APCs.

A complex of proteins that displays antigens to T cells, allowing them to recognize and respond to specific threats.

The interaction of a costimulatory molecule (B7 protein) on the APC with CD28 on the T cell, which is essential for T cell activation. This second signal, along with the first signal (antigen recognition), ensures that the T cell activation is appropriate and avoids inappropriate immune responses.

A type of T cell that helps coordinate the immune response by releasing cytokines that activate other immune cells.

A T helper cell subtype that is stimulated by intracellular pathogens and produces cytokines like IFN-γ and IL-2. This response helps in activating macrophages and enhancing the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells.

A T helper cell subtype that is stimulated by extracellular pathogens and allergens. It produces cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, promoting antibody production by B cells.

A T helper cell subtype that is particularly important in defense against fungal infections.

A process involving the interaction of B cells with T helper cells, leading to antibody (immunoglobulin) production and the generation of memory B cells, which play a crucial role in providing long-lasting immunity against specific pathogens.