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Questions and Answers
Which type of immune response provides specificity in the recognition of foreign antigenic substances?
What is the primary function of anatomic and physiologic barriers?
Which of the following immune cells are responsible for phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of microorganisms?
What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune response?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the innate immune response?
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What is the primary function of lysozymes and defensins?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?
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What is the primary function of cytokines and interferons?
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Which of the following immune cells are responsible for recognizing and eliminating pathogens?
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What is the primary function of the complement system?
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Study Notes
Immune Response Regulation
- Immune responses must be sufficient to protect against invading pathogens, with prompt and specific down-regulation when the foreign material is no longer present.
- Hypersensitivity occurs when immune responses are not properly regulated, leading to excessive or inappropriate responses and disease.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
- The immune system is divided into two major functional categories: innate and adaptive immunity.
- Innate immune mechanisms provide the first line of defense against infectious diseases, existing from birth and comprising physical and biochemical barriers.
- Innate mechanisms include anatomic barriers (skin, mucous membranes), physiologic barriers (temperature, low pH), phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages), and inflammatory responses.
- Innate mechanisms trigger the cells involved in adaptive immunity to combat specific organisms.
Key Elements of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
- Innate immunity: rapid response (minutes to hours), nonspecific, no memory, and no increase in response to secondary exposure.
- Adaptive immunity: slow response (days to weeks), specific, memory, and maturation of secondary response to reexposure.
Anatomy of the Immune System
- The immune system is a network of protective barriers, organs, cells, and molecules.
- Central lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) contain high levels of lymphocytes and manage interactions.
- Cells are available to be called into action at short notice and can be found within every major organ and tissue.
Innate Defensive Components
- Anatomic and physiologic barriers: physical barriers to limit the entry, spread, and replication of pathogens.
- Inflammatory mediators: direct lysis of pathogens or infected cells, activation of other immune components, and bacterial destruction.
- Cellular components: phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of microorganisms, presentation of foreign antigens to lymphocytes.
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Description
Understand the importance of immune response regulation and the differences between innate and adaptive immunity. Learn how hypersensitivity occurs when immune responses are not properly regulated.
