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Immune Response Regulation and Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
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Immune Response Regulation and Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

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Questions and Answers

Which type of immune response provides specificity in the recognition of foreign antigenic substances?

  • Innate Immunity
  • Adaptive Immunity (correct)
  • Acquired Immunity
  • Cellular Immunity
  • What is the primary function of anatomic and physiologic barriers?

  • To provide physical barriers to limit the entry, spread, and replication of pathogens (correct)
  • To produce cytokines and interferons
  • To activate the complement system
  • To recognize and eliminate pathogens
  • Which of the following immune cells are responsible for phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of microorganisms?

  • Lymphocytes and dendritic cells
  • Cytokines and interferons
  • Neutrophils and macrophages (correct)
  • Basophils and mast cells
  • What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune response?

    <p>To present foreign antigens to lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the innate immune response?

    <p>Specific recognition of foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysozymes and defensins?

    <p>To mediate bacterial destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Specific recognition of foreign antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokines and interferons?

    <p>To direct lysis of pathogens or infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immune cells are responsible for recognizing and eliminating pathogens?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the complement system?

    <p>To direct lysis of pathogens or infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Response Regulation

    • Immune responses must be sufficient to protect against invading pathogens, with prompt and specific down-regulation when the foreign material is no longer present.
    • Hypersensitivity occurs when immune responses are not properly regulated, leading to excessive or inappropriate responses and disease.

    Innate and Adaptive Immunity

    • The immune system is divided into two major functional categories: innate and adaptive immunity.
    • Innate immune mechanisms provide the first line of defense against infectious diseases, existing from birth and comprising physical and biochemical barriers.
    • Innate mechanisms include anatomic barriers (skin, mucous membranes), physiologic barriers (temperature, low pH), phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages), and inflammatory responses.
    • Innate mechanisms trigger the cells involved in adaptive immunity to combat specific organisms.

    Key Elements of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses

    • Innate immunity: rapid response (minutes to hours), nonspecific, no memory, and no increase in response to secondary exposure.
    • Adaptive immunity: slow response (days to weeks), specific, memory, and maturation of secondary response to reexposure.

    Anatomy of the Immune System

    • The immune system is a network of protective barriers, organs, cells, and molecules.
    • Central lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes) contain high levels of lymphocytes and manage interactions.
    • Cells are available to be called into action at short notice and can be found within every major organ and tissue.

    Innate Defensive Components

    • Anatomic and physiologic barriers: physical barriers to limit the entry, spread, and replication of pathogens.
    • Inflammatory mediators: direct lysis of pathogens or infected cells, activation of other immune components, and bacterial destruction.
    • Cellular components: phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of microorganisms, presentation of foreign antigens to lymphocytes.

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    Description

    Understand the importance of immune response regulation and the differences between innate and adaptive immunity. Learn how hypersensitivity occurs when immune responses are not properly regulated.

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