Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main role of Granzyme B in targeting cells?
What is the main role of Granzyme B in targeting cells?
- Inhibiting viral replication
- Binding to the Fas receptor
- Catalyzing reactions that destroy the target cell (correct)
- Activating interferon production
How does the Fas receptor activation lead to apoptosis?
How does the Fas receptor activation lead to apoptosis?
- Through binding with the Fas ligand from TC cells (correct)
- By releasing interferons
- By stimulating antibody production
- By poisoning the target cell with Granzyme A
What is the primary function of interferons in the context of apoptosis?
What is the primary function of interferons in the context of apoptosis?
- Stimulating antibody production
- Inhibiting viral replication and enhancing defense mechanisms (correct)
- Directly destroying the target cell
- Decreasing the number of B cells
What role do antibodies play following the apoptosis of a target cell?
What role do antibodies play following the apoptosis of a target cell?
What distinguishes humoral immunity from other types of immunity?
What distinguishes humoral immunity from other types of immunity?
What is the primary function of T helper cells in the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary function of T helper cells in the adaptive immune response?
Clonal deletion is a process that helps lymphocytes do what?
Clonal deletion is a process that helps lymphocytes do what?
What role do perforins play in the mechanism of cytotoxic T cells?
What role do perforins play in the mechanism of cytotoxic T cells?
What is the role of regulatory T cells in the immune response?
What is the role of regulatory T cells in the immune response?
Which of the following describes the mechanism through which cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
Which of the following describes the mechanism through which cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells?
What is the main purpose of memory T cells?
What is the main purpose of memory T cells?
What is the key function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?
What is the key function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the immune response?
How does clonal anergy differ from clonal deletion?
How does clonal anergy differ from clonal deletion?
Study Notes
The Adaptive Immune Response
- Comprised of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell found in blood and lymphatic systems.
- Main types of lymphocytes include T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, each playing distinct roles in immune response.
T Lymphocytes and Cell-Mediated Immunity
- T lymphocytes originate from bone marrow and mature in the thymus.
- Clonal deletion eliminates immune cells that react to self-antigens to prevent autoimmune responses.
- Clonal anergy occurs when immune cells evade deletion but remain non-functional.
T-Cell Action Steps
- Antigen Presentation: Neutrophils and macrophages phagocytose pathogens, acting as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to T-helper (TH) cells.
- TH Cell Activation: Activates pathogen-specific cytotoxic (TC), memory (TM), and B-cells; produces cytokines to proliferate these cells and interferons to enhance immune response.
- Cytotoxic T Cells (TC): Directly attacks and kills infected cells through a series of mechanisms.
Mechanism of Cytotoxic T Cells
- TC cells target infected cells by binding to MHC molecules.
- Produce perforins to create pores in the infected cell’s membrane.
- Release granzyme A and B which enter the cell through perforations; A poisons the cell while B destroys it.
- Apoptosis is induced when TC’s Fas ligand binds to Fas receptor on the infected cell.
- Before apoptosis, the infected cell secretes interferons that inhibit viral replication and bolster defenses in nearby cells.
- Antibodies act against remaining viruses after infected cells undergo apoptosis; they opsonize the viruses, blocking their ability to infect new cells.
B Cells and Humoral Immunity
- Each B cell is specific to a certain antigen, like T cells.
- Activated by interactions with particular TH cells.
- B cells produce antibodies critical for humoral immunity, which is defense mediated by secreted molecules in blood and lymph fluid.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the adaptive immune response, focusing on the roles of lymphocytes, particularly T and B cells. Explore topics like clonal deletion, antigen presentation, and the action steps of T cells in the immune response.
