Acute Respiratory Failure Overview
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following measures are important to promote energy conservation during respiratory therapy?

  • Encouraging continuous coughing sessions
  • Allowing rest periods between demanding activities (correct)
  • Increasing the frequency of chest physiotherapy
  • Minimizing patient rest to promote activity

    • What should the composition of a patient's non-protein caloric intake primarily consist of to prevent excess carbon dioxide production?

  • 50% fats and 50% carbohydrates (correct)
  • 30% fats and 70% carbohydrates
  • 50% carbohydrates and 50% fats
  • 80% proteins and 20% fats

    • Why is pain management crucial in respiratory therapy?

  • To facilitate increased coughing strength
  • To prevent hypoventilation and atelectasis (correct)
  • To ensure the patient remains awake during the treatment
  • To enhance the patient's appetite

    • What is the role of sedatives in respiratory therapy?

    <p>To decrease ventilator asynchrony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medications is used to treat bronchospasm in respiratory therapy?

    <p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pulmonary symptom commonly associated with respiratory assessment?

    <p>Fluid retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk factor related to the respiratory system involves the type and duration of use?

    <p>Smoking history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of acute respiratory failure, which condition is classified under disorders of the central nervous system?

    <p>Cerebrovascular accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a primary indicator of hypercapnia?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be considered an extrapulmonary symptom related to respiratory issues?

    <p>Night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classic symptom of hypoxemia?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with diseases of the pleura and chest wall?

    <p>Muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential physical finding associated with hypoxemia?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (Type I)?

    <p>Increased alveolar ventilation resulting in low PaCO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following situations is likely to result in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (Type II)?

    <p>Inadequate alveolar ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark symptom of acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Decreased arterial oxygen tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to result in combined hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure?

    <p>Asthma exacerbation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes hypoxemia in acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Ventilation/perfusion mismatching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type I respiratory failure, what is significant about arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2)?

    <p>PaCO2 is generally low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most frequently associated with sudden deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arterial pH level typically associated with acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Less than 7.35.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of uncorrected carbon dioxide narcosis?

    <p>Diminished alertness, disorientation, and unconsciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic study is essential to confirm the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in the management of acute respiratory failure if there is inadequate alveolar ventilation?

    <p>Implementing endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis associated with impaired gas exchange?

    <p>Impaired Gas Exchange related to ventilation/perfusion mismatching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing intervention should be prioritized for a patient with acute respiratory failure?

    <p>Implementing continuous pulse oximetry monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic tests is NOT typically required to determine the etiology of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure?

    <p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from extended hypoxemia?

    <p>Cardiac dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding might be observed upon examination of a patient with severe respiratory failure?

    <p>Use of accessory muscles of respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition associated with hypoxemia due to alveolar hypoventilation?

    <p>Hypercapnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes V/Q mismatching?

    <p>Excessive perfusion without sufficient ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hypoxemia related to V/Q mismatching?

    <p>Partially collapsed or fluid-filled alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes intrapulmonary shunting?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what shunt fraction is hypercapnia typically expected to develop?

    <p>Above 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition represents a form of diffusion impairment?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio?

    <p>0.8 to 4/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly associated with correcting hypoxemia due to intrapulmonary shunting?

    <p>Pressure peep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal positioning for a patient with unilateral lung disease to enhance perfusion?

    <p>Position with the good lung down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for supplemental oxygen therapy if it is not sufficient to maintain adequate oxygenation?

    <p>Initiate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is recommended to prevent hypoventilation and promote maximal inhalation?

    <p>Semi-Fowler's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering humidification to airways in respiratory care?

    <p>To thin secretions and facilitate airway clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is chest physiotherapy particularly indicated for a patient?

    <p>When there are large amounts of retained secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing mechanical ventilation, what is one crucial step to consider according to patient needs?

    <p>Initiating mechanical ventilation as indicated based on patient assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the patient's position be changed to enhance oxygenation?

    <p>Every 2 hours, favoring oxygenation improvements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical component of deep-breathing exercises in respiratory care?

    <p>Promoting diaphragmatic descent and lung expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Respiratory Failure

    • Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a sudden and life-threatening decline in lung function, characterized by carbon dioxide retention and insufficient oxygenation.
    • ARF is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units.
    • ARF is defined as a drop in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) below 50 mm Hg, or a rise in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), or a decrease in arterial pH below 7.35.
    • Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatching, intrapulmonary shunting, and diffusion impairment are key factors in ARF.

    Classification of Acute Respiratory Failure

    • Type I (hypoxemic): Primarily a problem with oxygenation. Low PaO2, normal or low PaCO2. Associated with conditions that impair oxygen transport (like pulmonary parenchymal disease)
    • Type II (hypercapnic): Primarily a problem with ventilation. High PaCO2, normal or low PaO2. Causes include alveolar hypoventilation.
    • Combined (Type I and Type II): Involves both problems with ventilation (hypercapnia) and oxygenation (hypoxemia)

    Causes of Acute Respiratory Failure (categorized)

    • Intrinsic Lung/Airway Diseases: Large airway obstruction, bronchial diseases, parenchymal diseases, acute lung injury, and cardiovascular disease.
    • Extra-pulmonary Disorders: Pleural diseases, chest wall disorders, neuromuscular junction disorders, peripheral nerve/spinal cord, central nervous system issues.

    Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Failure

    • Hypoxemia: Symptoms can include dyspnea, cyanosis, restlessness, confusion, anxiety, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmia, tremor, peripheral cyanosis (low PaO2).
    • Hypercapnia: Symptoms often include dyspnea, headache, other clinical manifestations like peripheral or conjunctival hyperemia, hypertension, tachycardia.

    Management

    • Monitoring: Continuous pulse oximetry, assessment of sputum, and observation for pneumonia.
    • Positioning: Semi-Fowler's or seated position to facilitate diaphragmatic function; position can vary depending on lung disease characteristics.
    • Oxygenation: Supplemental oxygen to keep oxygen saturation above 90%. CPAP or mechanical ventilation may be necessary.
    • Chest Physiotherapy: Drainage and chest percussion to aid sputum removal.
    • Nutrition: Collaboration with physician and dietitian to ensure adequate nutrition.
    • Pain Management: Administration of analgesics to prevent hypoventilation.
    • Drug Therapy: Sedatives, neuromuscular blocking agents, bronchodilators, mucolytics, expectorants, and antibiotics.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Acute Respiratory Failure PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the critical aspects of acute respiratory failure, including its definitions, classifications, and implications in intensive care. Understand the differences between Type I and Type II respiratory failure and learn about the physiological factors involved. Perfect for medical students or healthcare professionals looking to deepen their knowledge in pulmonology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser