Cellular Phase of Inflammation and Leukocytes Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of hydrostatic pressure in the body?

  • Pushes fluid from inside blood vessels into the interstitial space (correct)
  • Causes the movement of water towards a less concentrated solution
  • Pulls fluid from the interstitial space into blood vessels
  • Increases the concentration of two solutions separated by a membrane

What is the main cause of inflammatory edema?

  • Increased osmotic pressure in the blood vessels
  • Escaping of red blood cells into the interstitium
  • Damaged endothelial cells lining capillary walls (correct)
  • Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial space

How does osmotic pressure affect the movement of water?

  • Causes water to move towards a more dilute solution
  • Directs water towards the less concentrated solution (correct)
  • Prevents movement of water across semipermeable membranes
  • Stops the flow of water through blood vessels

What happens when capillaries become leakier due to damage to endothelial cells?

<p>Plasma proteins escape from blood vessels into interstitium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues?

<p>Edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the zone of mature connective tissue in the healing process?

<p>Vascularization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the healing process is responsible for the growth of new capillaries and provides a collateral circulatory supply?

<p>Zone of capillary proliferation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of fibroblasts in the healing process?

<p>Laying down extracellular matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the healing process is characterized by the presence of phagocytic cells and increased vascular permeability?

<p>Zone of capillary sprouts and arches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone provides precursors for neocapillary growth in the healing process?

<p>Zone of mature connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between dystrophic and metastatic calcification?

<p>Dystrophic calcification is caused by high blood calcium levels, while metastatic calcification involves deposition of calcium at the site of tissue necrosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding amyloid accumulation?

<p>Amyloid accumulation alters the function of affected tissues and may eventually cause cell death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of apoptotic cells?

<p>Aggregation of nuclear chromatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes programmed cell death (PCD)?

<p>PCD may include disintegration of mitochondria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of monocytes/macrophages in the circulatory system?

<p>Stimulate phagocytosis of dead cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does uric acid crystal accumulation lead to gout?

<p>Uric acid crystal accumulation causes inflammation in joints and other organs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells carry the 'eat me' signal?

<p>They are targeted for phagocytosis by monocytes/macrophages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions can amyloid accumulation occur?

<p>Can accumulate as an organ changes with age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Death genes' manufacture proteins that circulate in the cytoplasm and destroy unwanted cells. What process does this describe?

<p><em>Apoptosis</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of increased urates and uric acid crystals in the blood?

<p>Formation of kidney stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between granulation tissue and granuloma?

<p>Granulation tissue is an example of fibrovascular proliferation, while granuloma is a special type of chronic inflammation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the demolition or inflammatory phase of wound healing, which cells mainly perform the tasks of cleaning up the wound and removing damaged tissue?

<p>Neutrophils and macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the granulation phase of wound healing?

<p>Granulation tissue filling in the wound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves immature fibrous tissue maturing and forming a fibrous scar?

<p>Maturation phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main characteristic of the healing of open wounds?

<p>Formation of granulation tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if severe tissue injuries occur and healing by regeneration of tissues is not possible?

<p>Scar tissue will fill the injured site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does healing by first intention differ from healing by second intention?

<p>Healing by first intention involves uniform bridging by connective tissue, while healing by second intention involves resorption of exudates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases involved in formulation of granulation tissue as we progress from the deep area to the surface?

<p>Phase of Inflammation, Phase of Clearance, Phase of Ingrowth of Granulation Tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of granuloma during wound healing?

<p>Circumscribed collection of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in inflammation?

<p>Performing phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a systemic effect of acute inflammation?

<p>Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inflammatory exudate is characterized by a watery consistency?

<p>Serous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of cells has limited regenerative capability?

<p>Permanent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antipyretic drugs primarily work in reducing fever?

<p>Altering pyrogen synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic inflammation from acute inflammation?

<p>Duration of the inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chronic inflammation is associated with granuloma formation?

<p>Granulomatous inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Acute Phase Proteins (APP) play in early inflammation?

<p>Serving as diagnostic tools for tissue injury detection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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