Acute Pancreatitis and Gallbladder Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the appropriate needle size for ID injection?

  • 18-20 gauge
  • 26-27 gauge (correct)
  • 30-32 gauge
  • 22-24 gauge

    • Which medication is given for Addison's disease?

  • Hydrocortisone
  • Fludrocortisone
  • Cortisone
  • Prednisone (correct)

    • What are the signs and symptoms of corticosteroid toxicity?

  • Fluid retention and buffalo hump (correct)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fatigue and muscle weakness
  • Hypotension and bradycardia

    • Which option can precipitate an Addisonian crisis?

    <p>Stress and trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the drug of choice for shock?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In otitis media, how would the tympanic membrane typically appear?

    <p>Bright red and lacking light reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Phentolamine Mesylate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary modification is recommended for managing Addison's disease?

    <p>High salt, low potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is most specific for acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Serum lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would most likely not be assessed in a patient with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Cramping pains before heavy meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following dietary restrictions is recommended to prevent recurrence of pancreatitis?

    <p>Low fat diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sign found in obstructive jaundice?

    <p>Clay colored stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food should be avoided by patients with cholelithiasis?

    <p>Fried foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary item is specifically advised against in patients recovering from acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Whole milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Post laparoscopic surgery, how long should a patient avoid lifting heavy objects?

    <p>4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best intervention to treat hyperkalemia during an Addisonian crisis?

    <p>Kayexalate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During suctioning, how long should suction be applied intermittently?

    <p>5 – 10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position is best for a patient with an inguinal hernia?

    <p>Standing position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen should be administered before suctioning a client with a tracheostomy?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal after a patient has undergone a tracheostomy?

    <p>Maintain patent airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended cuff pressure in mm Hg for a tracheostomy?

    <p>18 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used when cleaning the non-disposable inner cannula of a tracheostomy?

    <p>Sterile gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an incarcerated hernia?

    <p>Fixed within its sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the pattern of joint involvement in polyarticular conditions?

    <p>Multiple joints affected symmetrically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following exercises is beneficial for building strength in joint conditions?

    <p>Aquatics swimming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using heat therapy in joint conditions?

    <p>To lubricate joints and relax muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pauciarticular' refer to?

    <p>Involvement of a few selected joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is affected equally by systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Both males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with tetany?

    <p>Rapid muscle spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach is ideal for managing muscle stiffness in joint conditions according to the recommended therapy?

    <p>Alternating warm and cold compresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab findings are indicators of hypoparathyroidism?

    <p>Hypocalcemia and decreased PTH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common condition that affects weight-bearing joints?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with hypokalemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse closely monitor after a cuffed popliteal bypass graft?

    <p>Peripheral pulses distal to the operative site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the confirmatory test for colorectal cancer screening?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hemorrhoids?

    <p>Frequent high-fiber diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is measured in a 24-hour urine collection to diagnose pheochromocytoma?

    <p>Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical time frame for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to prevent brain death?

    <p>3 to 4 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Pancreatitis

    • Most common cause: Alcohol
    • Serum lipase and amylase are key lab tests
    • Lipase is the most specific enzyme test
    • Priority for client with acute pancreatitis: Alteration in Comfort
    • Cramping pains before intake of heavy meals are NOT a likely finding
    • Endoscopic Retrograde is the MOST useful diagnostic test

    Sphincter of Oddi Spasm

    • Morphine can cause spasm of the sphincter of Oddi
    • Jackson Pratt drain is placed in gallbladder bed or a T tube in the common bile duct after surgery

    Gallbladder / Cholelithiasis

    • Cholelithiasis is a gallstone in gallbladder
    • Risk factors: "5 F's": Female, Fair skin, 40, Fat, Fertile
    • Deep breathing can worsen pain
    • Obstructive jaundice is characterized by clay-colored stool

    Post-Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

    • Avoid lifting for 4-6 weeks
    • Expect brown stools to return in about a week
    • Diarrhea is common, avoid gas forming foods
    • Follow a low fat diet for recurrence prevention

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    • Exercise is crucial for lifestyle changes
    • Causes: Surgery, Autoimmune, DiGeorge
    • Tetany, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, decreased PTH are findings

    Cushing's Disease

    • Is caused by hypercortisolism due to excess ACTH stimulation of the adrenal cortex
    • Chronic exogenous corticosteroid use is another cause
    • Colonoscopy is the confirmatory test for pheochromocytoma
    • Dilantin's generic name is Phenytoin

    Addison's Disease

    • High salt, low potassium diet, and fluid encouragement are recommended
    • Prednisone (Deltasone) is the primary medication
    • Side effects of corticosteroid therapy: osteoporosis, GI upset/PUD, blood sugar elevation, weight gain, edema, hypertension
    • Signs of corticosteroid toxicity: Fluid retention, round face, buffalo bump
    • Addisonian crisis is precipitated by stress, infection, trauma, surgery, decreased salt intake (hyponatremia), cold exposure, or over exertion
    • Solu-Cortef is initially given for an Addisonian crisis.
    • Kayexalate, insulin, and 5% dextrose are used to correct electrolyte imbalances in an Addisonian crisis

    Cardiovascular

    • Atropine is the drug of choice for bradycardia
    • It increases heart rate
    • Osteoarthritis is also known as Degenerative Joint Disease
    • Colonoscopy is the screening test for colorectal cancer
    • Veracity is observing truthfulness
    • Obesity is a predisposition to Type 2 DM
    • GERD is also known as chalasia.
    • Dopamine is the drug of choice for shock

    Others

    • The cuff pressure for a tracheostomy should be 18 mm Hg.
    • Don't use positive pressure ventilation with a cuffed tracheostomy tube
    • Countertransference is a term used when a healthcare professional's feelings towards a patient are influenced by their own personal experiences.
    • Affordable, calcium-rich food option: Anchovies.
    • The best position for suctioning a patient with a tracheostomy is Semi-Fowler's Position
    • Apply suction intermittently for 5-10 seconds
    • The client should be in a standing position for an inguinal hernia
    • Surgical repair of an inguinal hernia is recommended to prevent strangulation of the bowel.
    • Pink eye is also known as viral conjunctivitis
    • For intramuscular injections in children, use a needle size of 1/2 inch, 26-27 gauge.
    • A 24-hour urine collection with vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is performed to diagnose pheochromocytoma.
    • The aorta is located in the epigastric region.
    • Aortic aneurysm is located at the epigastric region
    • A client who is not speaking clearly is a reason to call an ambulance.
    • The patient undergoes a cholecystectomy for the removal of the gallbladder.
    • A condom catheter is applied spirally around the shaft of the penis
    • Myasthenia gravis can be confirmed with a Tensilon (edrophonium) test.
    • The patient's parents should be informed if a teenager discloses they have been raped.
    • The cone of light is absent in otitis media.
    • The tympanic membrane should be bright red and lack the characteristic light reflex.
    • Phentolamine Mesylate (Regitine) is the drug of choice for pheochromocytoma
    • The patient should be kept 100% oxygenated before suctioning them.
    • The main goal after a tracheostomy is to maintain a patent airway
    • Sterile gloves are used when cleaning the inner cannula of a tracheostomy.
    • The heart takes 3-4 minutes to become brain dead after an oxygen deprivation
    • Left Side HF: cough, crackles, pulmonary edema, difficulty breathing, left-sided S3 sound, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
    • Right Side HF: prominent jugular veins, right-sided S3 sound.
    • Hypokalemia: muscle weakness, U waves on ECG, polyuria, rhabdomyolysis.
    • Hyperkalemia: ventricular arrhythmias, peaked T waves on ECG, muscle weakness.
    • Congestive Heart Failure: left side HF, right side HF.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to acute pancreatitis, including its causes, lab tests, and priority care. It also discusses gallbladder conditions such as cholelithiasis and post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy recommendations. Test your knowledge on these important gastrointestinal issues!

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